White Phillip Jason
Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Top Magn Reson Imaging. 2006 Jun;17(3):165-72. doi: 10.1097/RMR.0b013e31803774a3.
The development of high-intensity ultrasound technology into a system for performing image-guided noninvasive ultrasound neurosurgery has developed at a relatively rapid pace in the past few years. Magnetic resonance imaging has contributed significantly to this development by providing a modality by which percutaneous ultrasound treatments can be preoperatively planned, intraoperatively guided and postoperatively evaluated for safety and efficacy. Especially in the case of transcranial ultrasound therapies, the structural identification and thermal monitoring of cortical structures is essential to avoid overheating at the skull-brain interface and to avoid the sonication of critical structures. This chapter briefly describes the physics of transmitting ultrasound through the skull and the technological advances that circumvented the physical limits imposed by the skull bone. The integration of magnetic resonance guidance and monitoring is detailed, along with an overview of ongoing studies with a commercially developed magnetic resonance imaging-compatible hemispherical transducer array.
在过去几年中，高强度超声技术发展成为一种用于进行图像引导无创超声神经外科手术的系统，其发展速度相对较快。磁共振成像通过提供一种方式，对经皮超声治疗进行术前规划、术中引导以及术后安全性和有效性评估，为这一发展做出了重大贡献。特别是在经颅超声治疗的情况下，对皮质结构进行结构识别和热监测对于避免颅骨 - 脑界面过热以及避免关键结构受到超声照射至关重要。本章简要描述了超声透过颅骨传播的物理原理以及克服颅骨所施加物理限制的技术进展。详细介绍了磁共振引导和监测的整合，以及对使用商业开发的与磁共振成像兼容的半球形换能器阵列进行的正在进行的研究的概述。
