Akamatsu Rie
Faculty of Human Life and Environmental Sciences, Ochanomizu University.
Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi. 2007 Feb;54(2):89-97.
To develop a measure of the motives underlying snack selection by Japanese junior high school students and to examine the characteristics of each motivating factor.
Self-reported questionnaires were distributed in a cross-sectional study of 1,936 students in public junior high schools in Tokyo, Japan. The respondents answered the Snack Choice Questionnaire (SCQ) and the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ), which assess overeating, snacking behavior, the food environment, lifestyle, and demographics.
Twenty-two items of the SCQ were factor-analyzed using varimax rotation. Three factors were extracted and labeled "fashion and sales promotion," "convenience and taste," "health and weight control." All factors demonstrated a satisfactory Cronbach's alpha coefficient of over 0.80, and scores for both "fashion and sales promotion" (r= 0.349, P<0.001) and "convenience and taste" (r= 0.418, P<0.001) showed positive correlations with DEBQ scores. On the other hand, scores for "health and weight control" (r= 0.014, ns) were not statistically significant. Furthermore, the students who reported buying or eating snack foods frequently had high scores for "fashion and sales promotion" and "convenience and taste" but not for "health and weight control." The factor "fashion and sales promotion" was related to more TV viewing (beta = 0.060, P< 0.05), while the factor "convenience and taste" was related to the availability of convenience stores near a student's home (beta=0.109, P<0.001).
The results of this first study of the motives underlying snack food selection in junior high-schools in Japan suggest a need for comprehensive nutrition education, along with a focus on media literacy and consumer education.
制定一种衡量日本初中生零食选择背后动机的方法，并研究每个动机因素的特征。
在日本东京公立初中对1936名学生进行的横断面研究中分发了自我报告问卷。受访者回答了零食选择问卷（SCQ）和荷兰饮食行为问卷（DEBQ），这两份问卷评估了暴饮暴食、零食行为、食物环境、生活方式和人口统计学特征。
使用方差最大化旋转对SCQ的22个项目进行了因子分析。提取了三个因子，分别标记为“时尚与促销”、“便利与口味”、“健康与体重控制”。所有因子的克朗巴哈α系数均令人满意，超过0.80，“时尚与促销”（r = 0.349，P < 0.001）和“便利与口味”（r = 0.418，P < 0.001）的得分与DEBQ得分呈正相关。另一方面，“健康与体重控制”的得分（r = 0.014，无统计学意义）无统计学显著性。此外，经常报告购买或食用零食的学生在“时尚与促销”和“便利与口味”方面得分较高，但在“健康与体重控制”方面得分不高。“时尚与促销”因子与更多的电视观看时间相关（β = 0.060，P < ；0.05），而“便利与口味”因子与学生家附近便利店的可及性相关（β = 0.109，P < ；0.001）。
这项关于日本初中零食选择动机的首次研究结果表明，需要进行全面的营养教育，同时关注媒体素养和消费者教育。
