Gavini F, Pourcher A M, Neut C, Monget D, Romond C, Oger C, Izard D
Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Laboratoire d'Ecologie et de Physiologie du Système Digestif, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
Int J Syst Bacteriol. 1991 Oct;41(4):548-57. doi: 10.1099/00207713-41-4-548.
The phenotypes of 153 strains belonging or related to the genus Bifidobacterium were studied. These organisms included 38 collection strains and 115 wild strains (41 strains of human origin, 56 strains of animal origin, and 18 strains obtained from rivers or sewage). Our phenotypic analysis revealed seven main groups that were subdivided into 20 subgroups. Seven subgroups contained no type or collection strain. Among the human strains, the type strains of Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum and B. catenulatum fell into group I, which contained the type strains of B. adolescentis (subgroup Ib), B. dentium (subgroup Ic), and B. angulatum (ungrouped). The type strain of B. breve belonged to subgroup IIIa1, and the type strains of B. infantis and B. longum fell into subgroup IIIb1. Group VII comprised only wild strains that were isolated from human infant feces. Among the animal strains, group II consisted mainly of bifidobacteria that were isolated from pig feces and contained the type strains of B. suis (subgroup IIb), B. thermophilum (subgroup IIf), B. choerinum, and B. boum (ungrouped). Wild strains belonging to group V were isolated from pig, calf, cow, and chicken feces; this included the type strains of B. animalis (subgroup Va), B. magnum (subgroup Vb), B. pseudolongum, and B. globosum (subgroup Vc). The strains of human origin (groups I, III, and VII) were well separated from the animal strains (groups II, IV, and V). It was not surprising that the wild strains isolated from surface water or sewage were distributed in the animal groups as well as the human groups. Thus, bifidobacteria can be considered to be successful indicators of human or animal fecal pollution when they are correctly classified. The acidification patterns were not adequate to differentiate Bifidobacterium species, as determined previously by Mitsuoka (Bifidobacteria Microflora 3:11-28, 1984) and Scardovi (p. 1418-1434, in P. H. A. Sneath, N. S. Mair, M. E. Sharpe, and J. G. Holt, ed., Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, vol. 2, 1986). However, enzymatic tests furnished new taxonomic criteria for the genus.
对属于双歧杆菌属或与之相关的153株菌株的表型进行了研究。这些菌株包括38株保藏菌株和115株野生菌株（41株来源于人类，56株来源于动物，18株从河流或污水中获得）。我们的表型分析揭示了7个主要组，这些组又被细分为20个亚组。7个亚组中没有模式菌株或保藏菌株。在人类菌株中，假链状双歧杆菌和链状双歧杆菌的模式菌株属于第一组，该组包含青春双歧杆菌（亚组Ib）、龋齿双歧杆菌（亚组Ic）和角双歧杆菌（未分组）的模式菌株。短双歧杆菌的模式菌株属于亚组IIIa1，婴儿双歧杆菌和长双歧杆菌的模式菌株属于亚组IIIb1。第七组仅包含从人类婴儿粪便中分离出的野生菌株。在动物菌株中，第二组主要由从猪粪便中分离出的双歧杆菌组成，包含猪双歧杆菌（亚组IIb）、嗜热双歧杆菌（亚组IIf）、猪双歧杆菌和牛双歧杆菌（未分组）的模式菌株。属于第五组的野生菌株是从猪、小牛、奶牛和鸡的粪便中分离出来的；这包括动物双歧杆菌（亚组Va）、巨大双歧杆菌（亚组Vb）、假长双歧杆菌和球形双歧杆菌（亚组Vc）的模式菌株。来源于人类的菌株（第一、三、七组）与动物菌株（第二、四、五组）明显分开。从地表水或污水中分离出的野生菌株分布在动物组和人类组中并不奇怪。因此，双歧杆菌在被正确分类时可被视为人类或动物粪便污染的成功指示菌。如Mitsuoka（《双歧杆菌微生态》3:11 - 28，1984年）和Scardovi（第1418 - 1434页，载于P. H. A. Sneath、N. S. Mair、M. E. Sharpe和J. G. Holt编，《伯杰氏系统细菌学手册》第2卷，1986年）先前确定的那样，酸化模式不足以区分双歧杆菌物种。然而，酶学测试为该属提供了新的分类标准。
