Gavini F, Delcenserie V, Kopeinig K, Pollinger S, Beerens H, Bonaparte C, Upmann M
Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Technologie Alimentaires, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
J Food Prot. 2006 Apr;69(4):871-7. doi: 10.4315/0362-028x-69.4.871.
Bifidobacteria were isolated from 122 of 145 samples of animal feces (from cattle, swine, sheep, goats, horses, rabbits, chickens, geese, and pigeons) from farms in France and Austria and from 92 of 955 production and processing chain samples of beef and pork (obtained at slaughter, cutting, and retail). Bacterial strains were identified to species by phenotypic numerical classification based on API 50CH and ID 32A tests and DNA-DNA hybridization. Bifidobacterium pseudolongum was present in 81% (99 of 122 samples) of all Bifidobacterium-positive fecal samples and predominated in samples from all animal species except those from swine from Austria. In these Austrian swine samples, the majority of strains were identified as Bifidobacterium thermophilum (78%), followed by B. pseudolongum (48%). The distribution of B. thermophilum and B. pseudolongum differed significantly between Austrian swine and cattle samples such as those collected along beef and pork production and processing chains. Bifidobacterium animalis was isolated from swine feces, and Bifidobacterium ruminantium was isolated from cow dung. Six fecal isolates (from cattle, swine, rabbits, goats, and horses) were identified as belonging to Bifidobacterium species of predominantly human origin: B. adolescentis, B. bifidum, and B. catenulatum. Only one other species, Bifidobacterium choerinum, was detected with low frequency in a pork processing chain. B. pseudolongum subsp. pseudolongum was predominant in pig feces, whereas B. pseudolongum subsp. globosum was predominant in feces from other animal species. Four strains closely related to both subspecies (58 to 61% DNA reassociation) formed a distinct genomic group. PCR techniques, which are more rapid and sensitive than culture-based methods, could be used to detect directly B. pseudolongum and B. thermophilum as indicators of fecal contamination along the meat processing chain.
从法国和奥地利农场的145份动物粪便样本（来自牛、猪、羊、山羊、马、兔子、鸡、鹅和鸽子）中的122份以及955份牛肉和猪肉生产及加工链样本（在屠宰、切割和零售环节获取）中的92份中分离出双歧杆菌。通过基于API 50CH和ID 32A测试以及DNA - DNA杂交的表型数值分类法将细菌菌株鉴定到种。在所有双歧杆菌阳性粪便样本的81%（122份样本中的99份）中存在假长双歧杆菌，除了来自奥地利猪的样本外，它在所有动物物种的样本中占主导地位。在这些奥地利猪的样本中，大多数菌株被鉴定为嗜热双歧杆菌（78%），其次是假长双歧杆菌（48%）。嗜热双歧杆菌和假长双歧杆菌在奥地利猪和牛的样本中的分布存在显著差异，例如在牛肉和猪肉生产及加工链中采集的样本。从猪粪便中分离出动物双歧杆菌，从牛粪中分离出反刍双歧杆菌。六种粪便分离株（来自牛、猪、兔子、山羊和马）被鉴定为主要源自人类的双歧杆菌物种：青春双歧杆菌、两歧双歧杆菌和链状双歧杆菌。在猪肉加工链中仅低频率检测到另一个物种，即猪双歧杆菌。假长双歧杆菌假长亚种在猪粪便中占主导，而假长双歧杆菌球形亚种在其他动物物种的粪便中占主导。与两个亚种密切相关的四个菌株（DNA重结合率为58%至61%）形成了一个独特的基因组群。聚合酶链反应（PCR）技术比基于培养的方法更快速、灵敏，可用于直接检测假长双歧杆菌和嗜热双歧杆菌，作为肉类加工链中粪便污染的指标。
