Kunze Ursula, Groman Ernest, Böhm Gabriela, Kunze Michael
Institute of Social Medicine, Center of Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Rooseveltplatz 3, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
Wien Med Wochenschr. 2007;157(5-6):98-101. doi: 10.1007/s10354-007-0389-7.
Since the past decade influenza vaccination is becoming an increasingly important aspect of public health programs. In the early 1990s independent investigators began to gather information on the comparative use of influenza vaccine in developed countries. The annual level of influenza vaccine distributed in each country was calculated as the number of doses distributed per 1000 total resident population. During the first period of research in 18 developed countries influenza vaccine was widely underused. From 1980 to 1992 the annual vaccination rates increased in most of the 18 countries. But Austria (Switzerland and Finland) showed little change (20 doses/1000 in 1982 and 23 doses in 1992). When in 1992-1995 four new countries were included, doses increased slightly in Austria, too, to about 52 doses/1000 in 1995, but the country still belonged to the low-use countries compared to Spain 160 doses/1000, although vaccination was recommended for all elderly people <65 years and persons with high-risk medical conditions. Self-payment was usual, and there was no reimbursement within the national or social health insurance schemes. From 1996 (77 doses/1000), to 2000 (118 doses/1000) and 2003 (127 doses/1000), vaccination increased slightly, but Austria remained one of the lowest three Western European countries reported, together with Sweden (127) and Norway (102). Possible reasons for the low usage in Austria may be the following: people mistake influenza for an influenza-like illness, a lack of effective social marketing, costs are not taken over by social or private insurance and discordance in the Austrian medical fraternity about the importance of vaccination. Especially in view of a possible new influenza pandemic, public awareness of the importance of vaccination must increase.
在过去十年中，流感疫苗接种已成为公共卫生项目中日益重要的一个方面。20世纪90年代初，独立研究人员开始收集发达国家流感疫苗使用情况的比较信息。每个国家流感疫苗的年度分发量计算为每1000名常住人口分发的剂量数。在对18个发达国家进行的第一阶段研究中，流感疫苗的使用普遍不足。1980年至1992年期间，18个国家中的大多数国家年度接种率有所上升。但奥地利（瑞士和芬兰）变化不大（1982年为每1000人20剂，1992年为23剂）。1992年至1995年纳入四个新国家后，奥地利的接种剂量也略有增加，到1995年约为每1000人52剂，但与西班牙每1000人160剂相比，该国仍属于低使用量国家，尽管建议所有65岁以下老年人和有高风险医疗状况的人接种疫苗。自费是常见的情况，国家或社会医疗保险计划不予报销。从1996年（每1000人77剂）到2000年（每1000人118剂）再到2003年（每1000人127剂），接种率略有上升，但奥地利仍是报告的西欧三个最低使用量国家之一，与瑞典（127剂）和挪威（102剂）并列。奥地利使用率低的可能原因如下：人们将流感误认为是类似流感的疾病，缺乏有效的社会推广，费用未由社会或私人保险承担，以及奥地利医学界对疫苗接种重要性存在分歧。特别是考虑到可能出现的新的流感大流行，公众对疫苗接种重要性的认识必须提高。
