Blank Patricia R, Schwenkglenks Matthias, Szucs Thomas D
Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, CH-8001 Zurich, Switzerland.
J Infect. 2009 Jun;58(6):446-58. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2009.04.001. Epub 2009 Apr 17.
This study assessed influenza vaccination coverage rates in eleven European countries during seasons 2006/07 and 2007/08. The aims were to analyse vaccine uptake rates in the general population and in high-risk groups, including children, as well as to understand the principal drivers and barriers towards vaccination.
Community-based face-to-face interviews, telephone surveys or mailed surveys were conducted in UK, Germany, Italy, France, Spain, Austria, Czech Republic, Finland, Ireland, Poland and Portugal. Approximately 2000 representative adult individuals per country and season were interviewed. Data on the vaccination status of children were obtained by proxy interviews. For the analysis, five target groups were defined.
Vaccination coverage levels in the general population ranged from 9.5% (Poland) to 28.7% (UK) during season 2007/08. In comparison with the previous season, only minor increases were visible. The coverage in the elderly target group was highest at 70.2% in the UK and lowest at 13.9% in Poland. The vaccination rate of chronically ill persons ranged from 11.1% (Poland) to 56.0% (UK). Vaccination levels among health care workers were generally low. Vaccine uptake in children was lowest in Ireland (4.2%) and highest in Germany (19.3%). Respondents from all countries were aware of the seriousness of influenza as a disease. People who had never been vaccinated regarded being infected as unlikely. The advice from a family doctor or a nurse was deemed as the main encouraging factor for vaccination.
During 2007/08, influenza vaccination coverage rates differed widely between countries, not only in the general population but also in the predefined at-risk groups. Generally, the increases in coverage compared to the previous season were marginal. Overcoming the barriers and implementing the driving forces identified by our surveys may help to increase vaccine uptake and to reach the corresponding WHO goals.
本研究评估了2006/07季和2007/08季11个欧洲国家的流感疫苗接种覆盖率。目的是分析普通人群和包括儿童在内的高危人群的疫苗接种率，以及了解疫苗接种的主要驱动因素和障碍。
在英国、德国、意大利、法国、西班牙、奥地利、捷克共和国、芬兰、爱尔兰、波兰和葡萄牙开展了基于社区的面对面访谈、电话调查或邮寄调查。每个国家和季节约2000名具有代表性的成年人接受了访谈。儿童的疫苗接种状况数据通过代行访谈获得。为进行分析，定义了五个目标群体。
2007/08季普通人群的疫苗接种覆盖率从9.5%（波兰）到28.7%（英国）不等。与上一季相比，仅略有增加。老年目标群体的覆盖率在英国最高，为70.2%，在波兰最低，为13.9%。慢性病患者的疫苗接种率从11.1%（波兰）到56.0%（英国）不等。医护人员的疫苗接种水平普遍较低。儿童的疫苗接种率在爱尔兰最低（4.2%），在德国最高（19.3%）。所有国家的受访者都意识到流感作为一种疾病的严重性。从未接种过疫苗的人认为感染的可能性不大。家庭医生或护士的建议被视为疫苗接种的主要鼓励因素。
在2007/08季，各国之间的流感疫苗接种覆盖率差异很大，不仅在普通人群中如此，在预先定义的高危群体中也是如此。总体而言，与上一季相比，覆盖率的增加幅度很小。克服调查中确定的障碍并实施推动因素可能有助于提高疫苗接种率并实现相应的世界卫生组织目标。
