Gribble Elizabeth J, Sivakumar Pallavar V, Ponce Rafael A, Hughes Steven D
ZymoGenetics, Inc., 1201 Eastlake Ave E., Seattle, WA 98102, USA.
Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2007 Apr;3(2):209-34. doi: 10.1517/17425255.3.2.209.
The immune system has evolved highly effective mechanisms of surveillance and defense against foreign pathogens, and is also thought to act in surveillance and suppression of cancer. Thus, a predominant goal of immune system-based therapies is to normalize or enhance the host immune response in the areas of infectious disease and oncology. This review considers general approaches used for therapeutic immunostimulation, alterations in immune response mechanisms that occur with these treatments and the syndromes that commonly arise as a result of these changes. Because nonclinical studies of these therapies are conducted in animal models as the basis for predicting potential human toxicities, this review also considers the value of nonclinical testing to predict human toxicity.
免疫系统已经进化出了针对外来病原体的高效监测和防御机制，同时也被认为在监测和抑制癌症方面发挥作用。因此，基于免疫系统的疗法的一个主要目标是在传染病和肿瘤学领域使宿主免疫反应正常化或增强。本综述考虑了用于治疗性免疫刺激的一般方法、这些治疗引起的免疫反应机制的改变以及这些变化通常导致的综合征。由于这些疗法的非临床研究是在动物模型中进行的，作为预测潜在人体毒性的基础，本综述还考虑了非临床测试在预测人体毒性方面的价值。
