Morey-Klapsing Gaspar, Arampatzis Adamantios, Brüggemann Gert-Peter
Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopedics, German Sport University Cologne, Germany.
J Mot Behav. 2007 Mar;39(2):89-102. doi: 10.3200/JMBR.39.2.89-102.
The notion of proactive control of landings is generally accepted, and some underlying mechanisms have already been described. Only little is known on adjustments at the foot level, however. The authors therefore investigated the foot and ankle behavior of 24 participants as they landed on differently inclined surfaces. A 4-segment model of the foot and ankle provided 3-dimensional kinematics. They also analyzed activation patterns from several muscles and the ground reaction force. Participants anticipated the different surfaces, as shown by the forefoot kinematics and the activation patterns before touch down. Anticipation of the surface inclination led to adjustments in forefoot orientation and probably also in joint stiffness. The authors suggest that those adjustments tend to enhance the self-stabilizing potential of the mechanical system. The enhancement of that potential would ease the subsequent stabilization, reducing the demands on the neural system.
着陆的主动控制概念已被普遍接受，一些潜在机制也已得到描述。然而，对于足部层面的调整，人们所知甚少。因此，作者研究了24名参与者在不同倾斜度表面上着陆时的足部和踝关节行为。一个由四段组成的足部和踝关节模型提供了三维运动学数据。他们还分析了几块肌肉的激活模式以及地面反作用力。如前足运动学和触地前的激活模式所示，参与者能够预判不同的表面。对表面倾斜度的预判导致了前足方向的调整，可能还包括关节刚度的调整。作者认为，这些调整倾向于增强机械系统的自我稳定潜力。这种潜力的增强将使后续的稳定过程更加轻松，减少对神经系统的需求。
