Gołab Elzbieta, Sadkowska-Todys Malgorzata
Państwowy Zaklad Higieny, ul. Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warszawa.
Wiad Parazytol. 2006;52(3):181-7.
Since the XIX century human trichinellosis has remained an unsolved problem of public healthcare in Poland. This paper describes the past situation and analyses current changes in the epidemiological pattern of trichinellosis in Poland. Epidemiological data from the last 60 years, point out that the number of human cases as well as the number of deaths caused by trichinellosis has decreased significantly. Up to 90s the main source of Trichinella infection for people was pork. Among other implemented control measures, the introduction of the artificial digestion method in the early 80s to detect trichinellosis in pigs resulted in a shift in the sources of Trichinella infection in humans - pork was replaced with wild boar meat. In the years 1990-1995 the number of outbreaks due to pork consumption was 3.5-times higher than in the years 2000-2005. In the early nineties pork was the source of infection causing about 71% of all outbreaks; in 2000-2005 that number has fallen to only 12%. On the other hand wild boar meat was responsible for 23% of the outbreaks in 1990-1995 and as many as 88% of all outbreaks in the years 2000-2005. Moreover the number of persons infected in the outbreaks significantly decreased. The study of wild animals demonstrated that wild boars in Poland are infected not only with T. spiralis but also with Trichinella britovi. These results and EU recommendations indicate a requirement of determining the Trichinella species which cause infections in outbreaks. In the 3 trichinellosis outbreaks in 2005 the infected meat products were examined with molecular tools. T. spiralis species larvae were the etiological agents of infection in all these outbreaks. The current epidemiological situation of trichinellosis in Poland indicates a need of increasing the awareness of risks related to wild boar meat consumption among the general public. Introducing the artificial digestion method as an obligatory method for wild boar meat examination is also necessary.
自19世纪以来，人类旋毛虫病一直是波兰公共卫生领域一个尚未解决的问题。本文描述了过去的情况，并分析了波兰旋毛虫病流行病学模式的当前变化。过去60年的流行病学数据表明，旋毛虫病导致的人类病例数和死亡人数已显著下降。直到20世纪90年代，猪肉一直是人类感染旋毛虫的主要来源。在实施的其他控制措施中，80年代初引入人工消化法来检测猪的旋毛虫病，导致人类旋毛虫感染源发生了转变——猪肉被野猪肉所取代。1990 - 1995年因食用猪肉导致的疫情爆发次数比2000 - 2005年高出3.5倍。90年代初，猪肉是导致约71%的所有疫情爆发的感染源；在2000 - 2005年，这一数字已降至仅12%。另一方面，野猪肉在1990 - 1995年导致了23%的疫情爆发，而在2000 - 2005年则高达所有疫情爆发的88%。此外，疫情爆发中感染的人数也显著减少。对野生动物的研究表明，波兰的野猪不仅感染旋毛虫，还感染布氏旋毛虫。这些结果以及欧盟的建议表明，需要确定在疫情爆发中导致感染的旋毛虫种类。在2005年的3起旋毛虫病疫情爆发中，对受感染的肉制品使用分子工具进行了检测。在所有这些疫情爆发中，旋毛虫幼虫都是感染的病原体。波兰旋毛虫病的当前流行病学情况表明，有必要提高公众对食用野猪肉相关风险的认识。将人工消化法作为野猪肉检测的强制性方法也是必要的。
