Meng X J, Lindsay D S, Sriranganathan N
Center for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, CRC-Integrated Life Sciences Building, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0913, USA.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2009 Sep 27;364(1530):2697-707. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2009.0086.
Wild boars (Sus scrofa) are indigenous in many countries in the world. These free-living swine are known reservoirs for a number of viruses, bacteria and parasites that are transmissible to domestic animals and humans. Changes of human habitation to suburban areas, increased use of lands for agricultural purposes, increased hunting activities and consumption of wild boar meat have increased the chances of exposure of wild boars to domestic animals and humans. Wild boars can act as reservoirs for many important infectious diseases in domestic animals, such as classical swine fever, brucellosis and trichinellosis, and in humans, diseases such as hepatitis E, tuberculosis, leptospirosis and trichinellosis. For examples, wild boars are reservoirs for hepatitis E virus, and cluster cases of hepatitis E have been reported in Japan of humans who consumed wild boar meat. In Canada, an outbreak of trichinellosis was linked to the consumption of wild boar meat. The incidence of tuberculosis owing to Mycobacterium bovis has increased in wild boars, thus posing a potential concern for infections in livestock and humans. It has also been documented that six hunters contracted Brucella suis infections from wild swine in Florida. This article discusses the prevalence and risk of infectious agents in wild boars and their potential transmission to livestock and humans.
野猪（Sus scrofa）在世界上许多国家都有分布。这些自由放养的猪是多种病毒、细菌和寄生虫的已知宿主，这些病原体可传播给家畜和人类。人类居住区域向郊区的变化、农业用地使用的增加、狩猎活动的增多以及野猪肉的消费，都增加了野猪与家畜和人类接触的机会。野猪可作为家畜许多重要传染病的宿主，如经典猪瘟、布鲁氏菌病和旋毛虫病，在人类中，可引发戊型肝炎、结核病、钩端螺旋体病和旋毛虫病等疾病。例如，野猪是戊型肝炎病毒的宿主，日本曾报告食用野猪肉的人群中出现戊型肝炎聚集性病例。在加拿大，旋毛虫病的一次爆发与食用野猪肉有关。野猪中由牛分枝杆菌引起的结核病发病率有所上升，因此对家畜和人类感染构成了潜在威胁。据记载，佛罗里达州有6名猎人因接触野猪感染了猪布鲁氏菌。本文讨论了野猪中传染病原体的流行情况和风险及其向家畜和人类的潜在传播。
