Norman Elisabeth, Price Mark C, Duff Simon C, Mentzoni Rune A
Institute for Psychosocial Science, Psychology Faculty, University of Bergen, Christies gate 12, 5015 Bergen, Norway.
Conscious Cogn. 2007 Dec;16(4):809-37. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2007.02.004. Epub 2007 Apr 12.
We argue performance in the serial reaction time (SRT) task is associated with gradations of awareness that provide examples of fringe consciousness [Mangan, B. (1993b). Taking phenomenology seriously: the "fringe" and its implications for cognitive research. Consciousness and Cognition, 2, 89-108, Mangan, B. (2003). The conscious "fringe": Bringing William James up to date. In B. J. Baars, W. P. Banks & J. B. Newman (Eds.), Essential sources in the scientific study of consciousness (pp. 741-759). Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.], and address limitations of the traditional SRT procedure, including criticism of exclusion generation tasks. Two experiments are conducted with a modified SRT procedure where irrelevant stimulus attributes obscure the sequence rule. Our modified paradigm, which includes a novel exclusion task, makes it easier to demonstrate a previously controversial influence of response stimulus interval (RSI) on awareness. It also allows identification of participants showing fringe consciousness rather than explicit sequence knowledge, as reflected by dissociations between different awareness measures. The NEO-PI-R variable Openness to Feelings influenced the diversity of subjective feelings reported during two awareness measures, but not the degree of learning and awareness as previously found with traditional SRT tasks [Norman, E., Price, M. C., & Duff, S. C. (2006). Fringe consciousness in sequence learning: the influence of individual differences. Consciousness and Cognition, 15(4), 723-760.]. This suggests possible distinctions between two components of fringe consciousness.
我们认为，序列反应时（SRT）任务中的表现与意识层次相关，这些意识层次提供了边缘意识的示例[曼根，B.（1993b）。认真对待现象学：“边缘”及其对认知研究的影响。《意识与认知》，2，89 - 108；曼根，B.（2003）。有意识的“边缘”：让威廉·詹姆斯与时俱进。载于B. J. 巴尔斯、W. P. 班克斯和J. B. 纽曼（编），《意识科学研究的基本资料》（第741 - 759页）。马萨诸塞州剑桥：麻省理工学院出版社。]，并探讨了传统SRT程序的局限性，包括对排除生成任务的批评。我们采用了一种修改后的SRT程序进行了两项实验，其中无关刺激属性掩盖了序列规则。我们修改后的范式包括一项新颖的排除任务，使得更容易证明反应刺激间隔（RSI）对意识的一种先前存在争议的影响。它还能够识别表现出边缘意识而非明确序列知识的参与者，这通过不同意识测量之间的分离得以体现。NEO - PI - R变量情感开放性影响了在两项意识测量中报告的主观感受的多样性，但不像传统SRT任务那样影响学习程度和意识程度[诺曼，E.、普赖斯，M. C.和达夫，S. C.（2006）。序列学习中的边缘意识：个体差异的影响。《意识与认知》，15(4)，723 - 760。]。这表明边缘意识的两个组成部分可能存在区别。
