Arnold Dawn L, Jackson Robert W, Waterfield Nick R, Mansfield John W
Centre for Research in Plant Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, UK.
Trends Genet. 2007 Jun;23(6):293-300. doi: 10.1016/j.tig.2007.03.017. Epub 2007 Apr 16.
Although genome sequencing of microbial pathogens has shed light on the evolution of virulence, the drivers of the gain and loss of genes and of pathogenicity islands (gene clusters), which contribute to the emergence of new disease outbreaks, are unclear. Recent experiments with the bean pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola illustrate how exposure to resistance mechanisms acts as the driving force for genome reorganization. Here we argue that the antimicrobial conditions generated by host defences can accelerate the generation of genome rearrangements that provide selective advantages to the invading microbe. Similar exposure to environmental stress outside the host could also drive the horizontal gene transfer that has led to the evolution of pathogenicity towards both animals and plants.
尽管对微生物病原体的基因组测序揭示了毒力的进化，但对于导致新疾病爆发的基因以及致病岛（基因簇）的获得和丧失的驱动因素仍不清楚。最近对豆类病原体菜豆丁香假单胞菌进行的实验表明，接触抗性机制如何作为基因组重组的驱动力。在此我们认为，宿主防御产生的抗菌条件可加速基因组重排的产生，这些重排为入侵微生物提供了选择优势。在宿主外类似地暴露于环境压力也可能推动水平基因转移，从而导致对动植物致病性的进化。
