Morrison A R, Bowker R M
Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars). 1975;35(5-6):821-40.
Large-amplitude waves recorded in the pontine tegmentum, lateral geniculate body and visual cortex herald the onset and continue throughout paradoxical sleep. The role of these ponto-geniculo-occipital (PGO) waves, or spikes, has puzzled researchers since their discovery. This paper reports experiments in cats which have demonstrated that PGO spikes are essentially an epiphenomenon, an electrical sign of the activation of a "startle network" by the neural turmoil of paradoxical sleep. Internal stimulation provided by the bursts of neural activity which characterize paradoxical sleep produces PGO spikes in the lateral geniculate body which are identical in appearance to those elicited during synchronized and paradoxical sleep by 1.55 Hz tone bursts or taps on the cage in normal cats. Cerebellar lesions result in behavioral responses to the intrinsic startles during synchronized sleep in the form of extensor or flexor jerks of the forelimbs. The jerks occur in conjunction with each PGO spike. Identical movements can be induced in the same cats in wakefulness by such startling stimuli as dropping the cat or hissing with an aerosol can. Lesions involving the auditory-visual area permit cats to be stimulated by sound in synchronized sleep without arousal, but anterior lobe lesions produce an easily aroused animal. We postulate that the phenomena observed following cerebellar lesions are the result of alteration in the control of serotonergic neurons of the pontine raphe nuclei.
在脑桥被盖、外侧膝状体和视觉皮层记录到的大幅度波预示着异相睡眠的开始，并在整个异相睡眠期间持续存在。自这些脑桥-膝状体-枕叶（PGO）波或尖峰被发现以来，它们的作用一直困扰着研究人员。本文报道了在猫身上进行的实验，这些实验表明PGO尖峰本质上是一种附带现象，是异相睡眠的神经紊乱激活“惊吓网络”的电信号。以异相睡眠为特征的神经活动爆发所提供的内部刺激，会在外侧膝状体产生PGO尖峰，其外观与正常猫在同步睡眠和异相睡眠期间由1.55赫兹音调爆发或轻敲笼子所引发的PGO尖峰相同。小脑损伤会导致猫在同步睡眠期间对内在惊吓产生行为反应，表现为前肢的伸肌或屈肌抽搐。这些抽搐与每个PGO尖峰同时出现。在清醒状态下，通过诸如扔下猫或用气雾罐发出嘶嘶声等惊吓刺激，可以在同一只猫身上诱发相同的动作。涉及听觉-视觉区域的损伤使猫在同步睡眠中能够被声音刺激而不被唤醒，但前叶损伤会使动物很容易被唤醒。我们推测，小脑损伤后观察到的现象是脑桥中缝核5-羟色胺能神经元控制改变的结果。
