Heins E, Seitz C, Schüz J, Toschke A M, Harth K, Letzel S, Böhler E
Institut für Arbeits-, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Gesundheitswesen. 2007 Mar;69(3):151-7. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-971061.
Pediatricians recommend daily sleep of at least ten hours for children aged 9 and 10 years. Sufficient sleep is necessary for maintaining the body's homeostasis, as well as for fixing memories and learning. Lack of sleep in children has been associated with a diminished school performance, reduced attention span, and obesity. Adulthood is influenced by childhood lifestyle habits. Data from 4th graders in 34 schools in Mainz and its surroundings were analysed in order to determine negative health lifestyle factors in German primary school children, such as lack of sleep and increased leisure time spent watching television and computer gaming.
Data from a cross-sectional study regarding cellular phone use in fourth-graders in Mainz were used for this analysis. Bedtime, television and computer use habits, as well as other factors were explored. A total of 1933 children from 34 schools participated by answering a questionnaire in the 2002-2003 school year (participation rate: 88%). Complete data for the secondary analysis were available from 1889 students (51% male, median age 10 years).
Overall, 28% of the children reported going to bed after 9 pm on week nights, 16% reported watching television more than three hours daily, and 11% played computer or video games more than three hours daily. In the adjusted binary logistic regression model, being older, male, having older siblings, watching television (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.28-2.61) and playing computer games (OR 3.23; 95% CI 2.24-4.67) for more than three hours daily, owning a mobile phone, and being in a school in the city were associated with going to bed after 9 pm.
Every fourth child does not obtain a sleep duration of 10 hours, under the assumption that primary schoolchildren need to be awake at 7 am on weekdays. Lifestyle factors that may negatively influence a child's development determine their actual and future habits. Sufficient sleep and less television and computer leisure times should be assertively emphasized to parents and carers of primary school students, in order to prevent the negative consequences of lack of sleep, such as diminished school performance. Developing sex-specific prevention programs, which take into account the complex lifestyles and habits of primary schoolchildren, seems to be relevant.
儿科医生建议9至10岁的儿童每天至少睡眠10小时。充足的睡眠对于维持身体的内环境稳定以及巩固记忆和学习是必要的。儿童睡眠不足与学习成绩下降、注意力持续时间缩短和肥胖有关。成年期会受到童年生活方式习惯的影响。对美因茨及其周边地区34所学校四年级学生的数据进行了分析，以确定德国小学生的不良健康生活方式因素，如睡眠不足以及看电视和玩电脑游戏的休闲时间增加。
本分析使用了一项关于美因茨四年级学生手机使用情况的横断面研究数据。探讨了就寝时间、电视和电脑使用习惯以及其他因素。在2002 - 2003学年，共有来自34所学校的1933名儿童通过回答问卷参与研究（参与率：88%）。1889名学生（51%为男性，中位年龄10岁）有用于二次分析的完整数据。
总体而言，28%的儿童报告在工作日晚上9点后上床睡觉，16%的儿童报告每天看电视超过3小时，11%的儿童每天玩电脑或电子游戏超过3小时。在调整后的二元逻辑回归模型中，年龄较大、男性、有哥哥姐姐、每天看电视超过3小时（比值比1.82，95%置信区间1.28 - 2.61）和每天玩电脑游戏超过3小时（比值比3.23；95%置信区间2.24 - 4.67）、拥有手机以及在城市学校上学与晚上9点后上床睡觉有关。
假设小学生在工作日早上7点需要起床，每四个孩子中就有一个睡眠时长不足10小时。可能对儿童发育产生负面影响的生活方式因素决定了他们当前和未来的习惯。应积极向小学生的家长和照顾者强调充足的睡眠以及减少看电视和玩电脑的休闲时间，以防止睡眠不足带来的负面影响，如学习成绩下降。制定考虑到小学生复杂生活方式和习惯的针对性别的预防计划似乎很有必要。
