Verona Edelyn, Reed Americus, Curtin John J, Pole Michele
Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61820, USA.
Aggress Behav. 2007 May-Jun;33(3):261-71. doi: 10.1002/ab.20186.
We examined the role of stress exposure on gender differences in hostile (emotional and behavioral) reactions within the context of a laboratory paradigm. Aggressive behavior was indexed via the intensity (overt) and the duration (covert) of putative shocks delivered to a confederate. Half of the participants were exposed to a chronic stressor (high stress) and half were not (low stress). Participants' emotional responses were measured via self-report mood ratings before and after the experiment. Men displayed higher aggression in both stress conditions, which corresponded to their ratings of state hostility. On the other hand, women in high stress delivered lower intensity shocks, and this decreased overt aggression was positively correlated with sadness ratings. However, women did not decrease their levels of shock duration (covert aggression) under high stress and showed equivalent shock duration compared with men in high stress. These findings are discussed in terms of differential overt manifestations of distress between men and women.
我们在实验室范式的背景下，研究了应激暴露对敌意（情绪和行为）反应中性别差异的作用。通过向一名同伙施加假定电击的强度（公开的）和持续时间（隐蔽的）来衡量攻击行为。一半的参与者暴露于慢性应激源（高压力），另一半则没有（低压力）。通过实验前后的自我报告情绪评分来测量参与者的情绪反应。在两种应激条件下，男性都表现出更高的攻击性，这与他们的状态敌意评分相对应。另一方面，处于高压力下的女性施加的电击强度较低，这种公开攻击行为的减少与悲伤评分呈正相关。然而，处于高压力下的女性并没有降低她们的电击持续时间（隐蔽攻击）水平，并且与处于高压力下的男性相比，她们的电击持续时间相当。我们从男性和女性在痛苦的不同公开表现方面对这些发现进行了讨论。
