Jeong Jo-Eun, Joo Soo-Hyun, Hahn Changtae, Kim Dai-Jin, Kim Tae-Suk
Department of Psychiatry, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Psychiatry Investig. 2019 May;16(5):386-396. doi: 10.30773/pi.2019.02.28. Epub 2019 May 23.
Alcohol drinking can cause various psychiatric and medical diseases. Although women generally consume less alcohol than men, they may be at a greater risk for alcohol-related psychological distress. The aim of the current study is to evaluate whether the association between alcohol consumption and psychological distress, including stress, depressed mood, and suicidal ideation and the risks of psychological distress differ based on gender.
The cross-sectional study included 31,657 participants (17,915 women and 13,742 men) from the 2010-2013 and 2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Alcohol drinking and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) levels were assessed for evaluating the amount of alcohol intake and alcohol-related problems. Self-perception of stress, depressed mood, and suicidal ideation were assessed for evaluating psychological distress. Odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals for psychological distress were calculated using multiple logistic regression models.
The risks of psychological distress were not significantly associated with drinking level in both sexes. However, the risks of psychological distress were associated with an increase in AUDIT levels, and there were gender differences in the psychological consequences of alcohol-related problems. The association was more drastic in women, and women showed a significant association even though the severity of drinking problem was low with the exception of stress perception.
The risks of psychological distress were associated with the severity of alcohol-related problems and women were more likely to be susceptible. Therefore, it is recommended that women even at low-risk for problematic drinking should be screened for psychological distress.
饮酒会引发多种精神和医学疾病。尽管女性通常比男性饮酒量少，但她们可能面临与酒精相关的心理困扰的风险更高。本研究的目的是评估饮酒与心理困扰（包括压力、情绪低落和自杀意念）之间的关联，以及心理困扰的风险是否因性别而异。
这项横断面研究纳入了2010 - 2013年和2015年韩国国民健康与营养检查调查中的31657名参与者（17915名女性和13742名男性）。通过评估饮酒情况和酒精使用障碍识别测试（AUDIT）水平来评估酒精摄入量和与酒精相关的问题。通过评估压力、情绪低落和自杀意念的自我认知来评估心理困扰。使用多元逻辑回归模型计算心理困扰的比值比和95%置信区间。
心理困扰的风险在男女两性中均与饮酒水平无显著关联。然而，心理困扰的风险与AUDIT水平的升高有关，并且与酒精相关问题的心理后果存在性别差异。这种关联在女性中更为显著，除了压力感知外，即使饮酒问题的严重程度较低，女性也表现出显著关联。
心理困扰的风险与酒精相关问题的严重程度有关，女性更容易受到影响。因此，建议即使是饮酒问题低风险的女性也应进行心理困扰筛查。
