Nelson Nathaniel W, Sweet Jerry J, Berry David T R, Bryant Fred B, Granacher Robert P
Neuropsychology Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2007 May;13(3):440-9. doi: 10.1017/S1355617707070373.
Forensic neuropsychology studies usually address either cognitive effort or psychological response validity. Whether these are distinct constructs is unclear. In 122 participants evaluated in a compensation-seeking context, the present Exploratory Factor Analysis examined whether forced-choice cognitive effort measures (Victoria Symptom Validity Test, Test of Memory Malingering, Letter Memory Test) and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, Second Edition (MMPI-2) validity scales (L, F, K, FBS, Fp, RBS, Md, Dsr2, S) load on independent factors. Regardless of factor rotation strategy (orthogonal or oblique), four response validity factors emerged by means of both Principal Components Analysis (82.7% total variance) and Principal-Axis Factor Analysis (74.1% total variance). The four factors were designated as follows: Factor I, with large loadings from L, K, and S--underreporting of psychological symptoms; Factor II, with large loadings from FBS, RBS, and Md-overreporting of neurotic symptoms; Factor III, with large loadings from VSVT, TOMM, and LMT--insufficient cognitive effort; and Factor IV, with the largest loadings from F, Fp, and Dsr2--overreporting of psychotic/rarely endorsed symptoms. Results reflect the heterogeneity of response validity in forensic samples referred for neuropsychological evaluation. Administration of both cognitive effort measures and psychological validity scales is imperative to accurate forensic neuropsychological assessment.
法医神经心理学研究通常关注认知努力或心理反应效度。尚不清楚这些是否为不同的概念。在122名处于寻求赔偿背景下接受评估的参与者中，本探索性因素分析考察了强制选择认知努力测量工具（维多利亚症状效度测试、记忆伪装测试、字母记忆测试）和明尼苏达多相人格调查表第二版（MMPI - 2）效度量表（L、F、K、FBS、Fp、RBS、Md、Dsr2、S）是否加载于独立因素上。无论因素旋转策略（正交或斜交）如何，通过主成分分析（总方差82.7%）和主轴因素分析（总方差74.1%）均出现了四个反应效度因素。这四个因素被命名如下：因素I，L、K和S负荷较大——心理症状报告不足；因素II，FBS、RBS和Md负荷较大——神经症症状报告过度；因素III，VSVT、TOMM和LMT负荷较大——认知努力不足；因素IV，F、Fp和Dsr2负荷最大——精神病性/极少认可症状报告过度。结果反映了转介进行神经心理学评估的法医样本中反应效度的异质性。对于准确的法医神经心理学评估而言，认知努力测量工具和心理效度量表的使用均必不可少。
