Essex Beth, Scott Lisa Benz
Stony Brook University Health Sciences Center, School of Health Technology and Management Level 2, Stony Brook, New York 11794-8204, USA.
Prehosp Emerg Care. 2008 Jan-Mar;12(1):69-75. doi: 10.1080/10903120701707955.
This study assessed the chronic (everyday) stress experiences and coping strategies among volunteer Emergency Medical Services personnel.
An anonymous, self-report survey using standardized measures of burnout (the Maslach Burnout Inventory) and coping (the Coping Mechanisms Checklist) was completed by a convenience sample of volunteer Emergency Medical Services personnel serving one of six participating ambulance companies in Suffolk County, New York.
Survey responders included 139 of 175 volunteers who were recruited to participate (response rate = 79%). Alarming percentages of participants scored high on emotional exhaustion (92%) and depersonalization (99%); however, 75% also reported high levels of personal accomplishment. The use of several coping strategies were concerning. Significant differences were found in coping strategies used between genders and number of years served; women were more likely to talk with significant others (97% vs. 81.7%, chi-square = 6.849, p < 0.001), whereas men were more likely to indicate that they pick and choose calls to go on (67% vs. 49%, chi-square = 4.062, p = 0.044). Participants with 6+ years were more likely than those with fewer years to "keep thoughts/feelings to self" (95.6% vs. 81.2%, chi-square = 5.72, p = 0.017) and "engage in risky behaviors" (47.82% vs. 30.43%, chi-square = 3.68, p = 0.055). Approximately half of responders indicted that they do the bare minimum required to stay an active member of their ambulance company (53%). ANOVAs revealed that use of several coping strategies were significantly associated with depersonalization and personal accomplishment scores.
Gender, years of experience, the types of coping strategies used, and high levels of depersonalization and emotional exhaustion must be considered when developing mental health programs for chronic stress among volunteer Emergency Medical Services personnel.
本研究评估了志愿急救医疗服务人员的慢性（日常）压力体验及应对策略。
纽约萨福克县六家参与调查的救护车公司之一的志愿急救医疗服务人员便利样本，完成了一项使用标准化倦怠测量工具（马氏倦怠量表）和应对策略测量工具（应对机制清单）的匿名自填式调查。
调查对象包括175名招募来参与研究的志愿者中的139名（回复率 = 79%）。令人担忧的是，相当比例的参与者在情感耗竭（92%）和去个性化（99%）方面得分较高；然而，75%的参与者也报告称有较高的个人成就感。几种应对策略的使用情况令人担忧。在应对策略的使用上，性别和工作年限存在显著差异；女性更倾向于与重要他人交谈（97%对81.7%，卡方 = 6.849，p < 0.001），而男性更倾向于表示他们会挑选要参与的呼叫任务（67%对49%，卡方 = 4.062，p = 0.044）。工作6年及以上的参与者比工作年限较短的参与者更有可能“将想法/感受藏在心里”（95.6%对81.2%，卡方 = 5.72，p = 0.017）以及“从事危险行为”（47.82%对30.43%，卡方 = 3.68，p = 0.055）。约一半的回复者表示，他们仅做维持救护车公司活跃成员身份所需的最低限度的工作（53%）。方差分析显示，几种应对策略的使用与去个性化和个人成就感得分显著相关。
在为志愿急救医疗服务人员制定针对慢性压力的心理健康项目时，必须考虑性别、工作经验年限、所使用的应对策略类型以及高水平的去个性化和情感耗竭。
