美国海军“仁慈号”医院船与人道主义及灾难应对的不断变化态势。

The USNS Mercy and the changing landscape of humanitarian and disaster response.

作者信息

McGuinness Kevin M

机构信息

Bureau of Health Professions, National Health Service Corps, Rockville, MD 20857, USA.

出版信息

Mil Med. 2006 Oct;171(10 Suppl 1):48-52. doi: 10.7205/milmed.171.1s.48.

DOI:10.7205/milmed.171.1s.48

PMID:17447624

Abstract

Operation Unified Assistance was the United States' historic response to the tsunami that struck Southeast Asia on December 26, 2004. The USNS Mercy participated in Operation Unified Assistance from January to March 2005. Stationed off the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia, the Mercy's crew consisted of uniformed members of the U.S. Navy and U.S. Public Health Service and civilian members of Project HOPE. The Mercy's participation in Operation Unified Assistance provided a platform and context to study disaster-related psychological processes. Observations of crew members aboard the Mercy suggested similar psychological processes for disaster victims and responders. Responder risk and protective factors; disaster responders as potential psychological casualties; responder selection, preparation, and intervention strategies; and the hospital ship as a research platform are discussed. Such issues are generally relevant to the interaction between civilian volunteers and professional disaster responders.

摘要

“统一援助行动”是美国对2004年12月26日袭击东南亚的海啸做出的历史性回应。美国海军“仁慈号”医疗船于2005年1月至3月参与了“统一援助行动”。“仁慈号”驻扎在印度尼西亚苏门答腊海岸外，其船员包括美国海军和美国公共卫生服务部门的现役成员以及“希望工程”的文职成员。“仁慈号”参与“统一援助行动”为研究与灾难相关的心理过程提供了一个平台和背景。对“仁慈号”上船员的观察表明，灾难受害者和救援人员存在相似的心理过程。本文讨论了救援人员的风险和保护因素；作为潜在心理伤亡者的灾难救援人员；救援人员的选拔、准备和干预策略；以及作为研究平台的医院船。这些问题通常与平民志愿者和专业灾难救援人员之间的互动有关。