Guidotti Tee L, Ragain Lisa
Center for Risk Science and Public Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health and Health Services, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
Pediatr Clin North Am. 2007 Apr;54(2):227-35, vii. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2007.02.002.
To a toxicologist, "poisonings" are cases in which the child has a defined pattern of symptoms, corresponding to toxic effects at a mid to high level of exposure. "Toxicity" refers to a broader spectrum of effects. At lower levels of toxicity a child may have no specific, individual symptoms but may be affected subclinically. There are three basic strategies to protect children: individual intervention, the preventive medicine strategy, and the public health strategy. This article uses lead exposure as a model for discussing these differences in terminology and the three different protective strategies.
对于毒理学家而言，“中毒”是指儿童出现特定症状模式的情况，这些症状对应于中高水平暴露的毒性作用。“毒性”则指更广泛的一系列影响。在较低毒性水平下，儿童可能没有特定的个体症状，但可能受到亚临床影响。保护儿童有三种基本策略：个体干预、预防医学策略和公共卫生策略。本文以铅暴露为例，讨论这些术语差异以及三种不同的保护策略。
