Takayama Yasuko, Miura Eiji, Yuasa Masao, Kobayashi Kaoru, Hosoi Toshio
The First Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2008 Jan;105(1):104-12. doi: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2006.12.033. Epub 2007 Apr 23.
The purpose of this study was to compare the differences in dental and occlusal conditions, and prevalence of bone change in the condyle, between a group of patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and a group of dental patients without such complaints.
A group of 504 patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD patients) and a group of 970 patients without such complaints (dental patients), all 25 years of age or older, were compared using the criteria of age, sex, dental and occlusal condition, and prevalence of bone change in the condyle based on panoramic radiographs and imaging request forms.
In both groups, the rate of complete dental arch was high for both jaws. According to Eichner's index, the rate for group A among the dental patients was 59.6%, whereas it was 84.7% in the TMD patients (P < .01). The prevalence of bone change in the condyle was 17.7% for the TMD patients and 11.6% for the dental patients (P < .01). Eichner's group C was somewhat high for the dental patients, and group A was high for the TMD patients. However, there were no significant differences in the occlusal conditions based on the prevalence of bone change. Deformity was the most common abnormality of bone change for both the dental and the TMD patients. In the TMD patients, the rate of osteophytes was the second most common abnormal finding. Osteophytes were the highest among the average age for all abnormal bone changes in the condyle. With the TMD patients, all the changes were more commonly found in Eichner's group A.
It was demonstrated that the symptoms of TMD correlated with age, sex, and dental and occlusal conditions. However, the prevalence of bone change in the condyle correlated poorly with age, sex, and dental and occlusal condition with and without TMD.
本研究旨在比较一组颞下颌关节紊乱病（TMD）患者与一组无此类主诉的牙科患者在牙齿和咬合状况以及髁突骨改变患病率方面的差异。
采用年龄、性别、牙齿和咬合状况以及基于全景X线片和影像申请单的髁突骨改变患病率标准，对一组504例颞下颌关节紊乱病患者（TMD患者）和一组970例无此类主诉的患者（牙科患者）进行比较，所有患者年龄均在25岁及以上。
两组患者上下颌完整牙弓率均较高。根据艾希纳指数，牙科患者中A组的比例为59.6%，而TMD患者中该比例为84.7%（P <.01）。TMD患者髁突骨改变的患病率为17.7%，牙科患者为11.6%（P <.01）。牙科患者中艾希纳C组的比例略高，而TMD患者中A组的比例较高。然而，基于骨改变患病率的咬合状况无显著差异。畸形是牙科患者和TMD患者最常见的骨改变异常。在TMD患者中，骨赘的发生率是第二常见的异常表现。在髁突所有异常骨改变中，骨赘在平均年龄中最高。对于TMD患者，所有改变在艾希纳A组中更常见。
结果表明，TMD的症状与年龄、性别以及牙齿和咬合状况相关。然而，无论有无TMD，髁突骨改变的患病率与年龄、性别以及牙齿和咬合状况的相关性较差。
