Drost Ulrich C, Rieger Martina, Prinz Wolfgang
Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Munich, Germany.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2007 Apr;60(4):527-33. doi: 10.1080/17470210601154388.
Previous studies have shown that experienced pianists have acquired integrated action-effect (A-E) associations. In the present study, we were interested in how specific these associations are for the own instrument by investigating pianists and guitarists. A-E associations were examined by testing whether the perception of a "potential" action-effect has an influence on actions. Participants played chords on their instrument in response to visual stimuli, while they were presented task-irrelevant auditory distractors (congruent or incongruent) in varying instrument timbre. In Experiment 1, pianists exhibited an interference effect with timbres of their own instrument category (keyboard instruments: piano and organ). In Experiment 2 guitarists showed an interference effect only with guitar timbre. Thus, integrated A-E associations primarily seem to consist of a specific component on a sensory-motor level involving the own instrument. Additionally, categorical knowledge about how an instrument is played seems to be involved.
先前的研究表明，经验丰富的钢琴家已经形成了整合的动作-效果（A-E）关联。在本研究中，我们通过调查钢琴家和吉他手来探究这些关联对自身乐器的特异性程度。通过测试“潜在”动作-效果的感知是否对动作有影响来检验A-E关联。参与者在看到视觉刺激时在自己的乐器上弹奏和弦，同时会呈现与任务无关的、具有不同乐器音色的听觉干扰物（一致或不一致）。在实验1中，钢琴家对自身乐器类别的音色（键盘乐器：钢琴和管风琴）表现出干扰效应。在实验2中，吉他手仅对吉他音色表现出干扰效应。因此，整合的A-E关联似乎主要由涉及自身乐器的感觉运动水平上的特定成分组成。此外，关于乐器演奏方式的分类知识似乎也参与其中。
