Lee J B, Yang K H
Bioengineering Center, Wayne State University.
Stapp Car Crash J. 2001 Nov;45:79-100. doi: 10.4271/2001-22-0004.
Currently, three-dimensional finite element models of the human body have been developed for frequently injured anatomical regions such as the brain, chest, extremities and pelvis. While a few models of the human body include the abdomen, these models have tended to oversimplify the complexity of the abdominal region. As the first step in understanding abdominal injuries via numerical methods, a 3D finite element model of a 50(th) percentile male human abdomen (WSUHAM) has been developed and validated against experimental data obtained from two sets of side impact tests and a series of frontal impact tests. The model includes a detailed representation of the liver, spleen, kidneys, spine, skin and major blood vessels. Hollow organs, such as the esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, gallbladder, bile ducts, ureters, rectum and adrenal glands are grouped into three bodybags in order to provide realistic inertial properties and to maintain the position of the solid organs in their appropriate locations. Using direct connections, the model was joined superiorly to a partial model of the human thorax, and inferiorly to models of the human pelvis and the lower extremities that have been previously developed. Material properties for various tissues of the abdomen were derived from the literature. Data obtained in a series of cadaveric pendulum impact tests conducted at Wayne State University (WSU), a series of lateral drop tests conducted at Association Peugeot-Renault (APR) and a series of cadaveric lower abdomen frontal impact tests conducted at WSU were used to validate the model. Results predicted by the model match these experimental data for various impact speeds, impactor masses and drop heights. Further study is still needed in order to fully validate WSUHAM before it can be used to assess various impact loading conditions associated with vehicular crashes.
目前，已针对人体中诸如大脑、胸部、四肢和骨盆等经常受伤的解剖区域开发了人体三维有限元模型。虽然有一些人体模型包含腹部，但这些模型往往过度简化了腹部区域的复杂性。作为通过数值方法了解腹部损伤的第一步，已开发出一个第50百分位男性人体腹部的三维有限元模型（WSUHAM），并根据从两组侧面碰撞试验和一系列正面碰撞试验获得的实验数据进行了验证。该模型详细呈现了肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、脊柱、皮肤和主要血管。诸如食管、胃、小肠和大肠、胆囊、胆管、输尿管、直肠和肾上腺等中空器官被分组到三个体袋中，以提供逼真的惯性特性并将实体器官保持在其适当位置。该模型通过直接连接，在上方与人体胸部的部分模型相连，在下方与先前开发的人体骨盆和下肢模型相连。腹部各种组织的材料属性来自文献。在韦恩州立大学（WSU）进行的一系列尸体摆锤碰撞试验、在标致 - 雷诺协会（APR）进行的一系列侧向跌落试验以及在WSU进行的一系列尸体下腹部正面碰撞试验中获得的数据用于验证该模型。该模型预测的结果与这些在各种碰撞速度、撞击器质量和跌落高度下的实验数据相匹配。在WSUHAM可用于评估与车辆碰撞相关的各种撞击载荷条件之前，仍需要进一步研究以充分验证它。
