Du Hongling, Taylor Hugh S
Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8063, USA.
Stem Cells. 2007 Aug;25(8):2082-6. doi: 10.1634/stemcells.2006-0828. Epub 2007 Apr 26.
Bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) can differentiate into nonhematopoietic cells, suggesting that BMDCs may contribute to the maintenance of multiple tissues. Donor-derived bone marrow cells have been identified in human uterine endometrium. Here, two murine models were used to investigate the contribution of nonendometrial stem cells to endometrium. We investigate whether BMDCs can localize to uterine endometrium and to endometriosis. After bone marrow transplantation, male donor-derived bone marrow cells were found in the uterine endometrium of female mice. Although uncommon (<0.01%), these cells can differentiate into epithelial cells. After generation of experimental endometriosis by ectopic endometrial implantation in the peritoneal cavity, bone marrow from LacZ transgenic mice was used for transplantation. LacZ expressing cells were found in the wild-type ectopic endometrium implanted in the peritoneal cavity of hysterectomized LacZ transgenic mice. The repopulation of endometrium with bone marrow-derived stem cells may be important to normal endometrial physiology and also may help to explain the cellular basis for the high long-term failure of conservative alternatives to hysterectomy. The examination of a sexually dimorphic organ such as the uterus demonstrates the ability of male bone marrow, which cannot harbor circulating endometrial cells, to generate endometrium de novo and proves their mesenchymal stem cell origin. Finding Y chromosome bearing endometrial cells demonstrates the potential to recapitulate embryonic developmental pathways that were never activated in males; BMDCs may have vast regenerative capacity. Additionally, the ability of stem cells to engraft endometriosis has implications for the origin and progression of this disease. Ectopic differentiation of stem cells may be a novel mechanism of disease. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
骨髓来源的细胞（BMDCs）可分化为非造血细胞，这表明BMDCs可能有助于多种组织的维持。在人类子宫内膜中已鉴定出供体来源的骨髓细胞。在此，使用两种小鼠模型来研究非子宫内膜干细胞对子宫内膜的贡献。我们研究了BMDCs是否能够定位于子宫子宫内膜和子宫内膜异位症。骨髓移植后，在雌性小鼠的子宫子宫内膜中发现了雄性供体来源的骨髓细胞。尽管这种情况不常见（<0.01%），但这些细胞可分化为上皮细胞。通过在腹腔内异位植入子宫内膜产生实验性子宫内膜异位症后，使用来自LacZ转基因小鼠的骨髓进行移植。在子宫切除的LacZ转基因小鼠腹腔内植入的野生型异位子宫内膜中发现了表达LacZ的细胞。骨髓来源的干细胞对子宫内膜的重新填充可能对正常子宫内膜生理很重要，也可能有助于解释子宫切除保守替代方案长期高失败率的细胞基础。对诸如子宫这样的两性异形器官的检查表明，不含循环子宫内膜细胞的雄性骨髓能够重新生成子宫内膜，并证明了它们的间充质干细胞起源。发现含有Y染色体的子宫内膜细胞表明有可能重现男性从未激活过的胚胎发育途径；BMDCs可能具有巨大的再生能力。此外，干细胞植入子宫内膜异位症的能力对这种疾病的起源和进展具有重要意义。干细胞的异位分化可能是一种新的疾病机制。潜在利益冲突的披露见本文末尾。
