MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2007 Apr 27;56(16):397-400.
For centuries, exposure to high concentrations of lead has been known to pose health hazards, and evidence is mounting regarding adverse health effects from moderate- and low-level blood lead concentrations. Public health authorities use higher levels to define blood lead levels (BLLs) of concern in nonpregnant females (> or =25 microg/dL) compared with children (> or =10 microg/dL) and a lower level (> or =5 microg/dL) for pregnant females. This difference in levels for nonpregnant and pregnant females has raised concern because of the recognition that a proportion of nonpregnant females with BLLs > or =5 microg/dL will become pregnant and potentially expose their infants to a risk for adverse health effects from lead. Maternal and fetal BLLs are nearly identical because lead crosses the placenta unencumbered. This report summarizes 2004 surveillance data regarding elevated BLLs among females of childbearing age (i.e., aged 16-44 years) in 37 states participating in CDC's Adult Blood Lead Epidemiology and Surveillance (ABLES) program. The results indicated that rates of elevated BLLs ranged from 0.06 per 100,000 females of childbearing age at BLLs of > or =40 microg/dL to 10.9 per 100,000 females at BLLs of > or =5 microg/dL. Primary and secondary prevention of lead exposure among females of childbearing age is needed to avert neurobehavioral and cognitive deficits in their offspring.
几个世纪以来，人们已经知道接触高浓度铅会对健康造成危害，而且越来越多的证据表明，中度和低度血铅浓度也会对健康产生不良影响。与儿童（≥10微克/分升）相比，公共卫生当局使用更高的水平来定义非怀孕女性的关注血铅水平（BLLs）（≥25微克/分升），而怀孕女性的关注血铅水平则较低（≥5微克/分升）。非怀孕和怀孕女性在血铅水平上的这种差异引发了人们的关注，因为人们认识到，一部分血铅水平≥5微克/分升的非怀孕女性会怀孕，并可能使她们的婴儿面临铅对健康产生不良影响的风险。母体和胎儿的血铅水平几乎相同，因为铅可以不受阻碍地穿过胎盘。本报告总结了参与疾病控制和预防中心成人血铅流行病学和监测（ABLES）项目的37个州育龄女性（即16 - 44岁）血铅水平升高的2004年监测数据。结果表明，血铅水平升高的比率范围从血铅水平≥40微克/分升的每10万名育龄女性中的0.06例到血铅水平≥5微克/分升的每10万名女性中的10.9例。需要对育龄女性进行铅暴露的一级和二级预防，以避免其后代出现神经行为和认知缺陷。
