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特立尼达戈迪诺沼泽湿地鱼类区系的分布、丰度及渔业开发——案例研究

The distribution and abundance of wetland ichthyofauna, and exploitation of the fisheries in the Godineau Swamp, Trinidad--case study.

作者信息

Ramsundar Himawatee

机构信息

Institute of Marine Affairs, P.O. BOX 3160, Carenage Post Office, Trinidad, West Indies.

出版信息

Rev Biol Trop. 2005 May;53 Suppl 1:11-23.

Abstract

The Godineau (South Oropuche) Swamp (3171 ha) on the southwestern coast of Trinidad (10 degrees l315'N, 61degrees 30-32'W) is heavily impacted by anthropogenic activities including fishing, oil exploration, drainage manipulation and wetland clearance. To reduce the negative effects of these activities and to manage the swamp more sustainably, more quantitative information is needed on the ecology of the wetland and the activities that occur within it. This study focuses on the distribution of the fish resources and exploited fisheries as a basis for more informed management directives. Sampling was conducted during 2002, in April-May (for dry season) and July-September (for wet season sampling). Ichthyofauna was sampled both day and night using trammel nets and a push seine. Fishing activities were assessed using a questionnaire and informal discussions with fishers. The wetland supports over 29 species of fish distributed over the freshwater, estuarine and saline zones (n=1454). Species distribution is seasonal, with evidence of the wetland being used as a spawning ground. Species richness and species diversity (Shannon-Weiner Index) for the wetland ranged over 2-11 and 0.162-0.967, respectively, in the dry season and 2-7 and 0.036-0.903, respectively, in the wet season. Communities inhabiting the saline and estuarine zones of the wetland were dominated by a single species, Hexanematichthvs bonillai. Percent Similarity Indices were 41.8% for freshwater, 72.7% for estuarine and 79.8% for estuarine-saline communities. The commercial species accounted for 18% of total catch sampled and consisted of Centropomus undecimalis, Megalops atlanticus, Hoplosternum littorale, Hoplias malabaricus, Ophioscion punctatissimus and Macrodon ancyclodon. Full-time and part-time fishers, including recreational fishers, accounted for 14.3% and 85.7%, respectively of all fishers surveyed (n=56). A conservative estimate of the revenue earned directly at point of sale for fish and shellfish, is approximately US$43 000 per annum. Fishing is important in the area. Management directives taking into account the ecology of the target organisms are needed to allow these fishing practices to be continued in a sustainable manner.

摘要

戈迪诺(南奥罗普切)沼泽(3171公顷)位于特立尼达岛西南海岸(北纬10度13分15秒,西经61度30 - 32分),受到包括捕鱼、石油勘探、排水操控和湿地开垦在内的人为活动的严重影响。为减少这些活动的负面影响并更可持续地管理沼泽,需要更多关于湿地生态及其内部发生活动的定量信息。本研究聚焦于鱼类资源分布和已开发渔业,作为制定更明智管理指令的基础。采样于2002年进行,4 - 5月(旱季)和7 - 9月(雨季采样)。白天和夜晚均使用三层刺网和推网对鱼类区系进行采样。通过问卷以及与渔民的非正式讨论对捕鱼活动进行评估。该湿地有超过29种鱼类,分布在淡水、河口和咸水区(n = 1454)。物种分布具有季节性,有证据表明该湿地被用作产卵地。旱季湿地的物种丰富度和物种多样性(香农 - 韦纳指数)分别在2 - 11和0.162 - 0.967之间,雨季则分别在2 - 7和0.036 - 0.903之间。栖息在湿地咸水和河口区的群落以单一物种博氏六线鱼为主。淡水、河口和河口 - 咸水群落的相似性百分比指数分别为41.8%、72.7%和79.8%。商业捕捞物种占采样总渔获量的18%,包括十一带石鲈、大西洋大海鲢、细纹半鲇、马拉巴锯脂鲤、斑点蛇鳗和弯口丽脂鲤。全职和兼职渔民,包括休闲渔民,分别占所有受访渔民的14.3%和85.7%(n = 56)。鱼类和贝类在销售点直接获得的收入保守估计约为每年4.3万美元。捕鱼在该地区很重要。需要制定考虑目标生物生态的管理指令,以使这些捕鱼活动能够以可持续的方式继续下去。

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