Bruckner A W
NOAA Fisheries, Office of Habitat Conservation, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
Rev Biol Trop. 2005 May;53 Suppl 1:127-37.
The marine ornamental fish trade began in the 1930s in Sri Lanka, spread to Hawaii and the Philippines in the 1950s, and expanded to a multi-million dollar industry in the 1970s with fisheries established throughout the tropical Pacific, Indian and Atlantic Oceans. Currently, 45 countries supply global markets an estimated 14-30 million fish annually, with an import value of US$28-44 million. The largest suppliers are Indonesia and the Philippines, followed by Brazil, Maldives, Vietnam, Sri Lanka and Hawaii. In the tropical Western Atlantic, 16 countries have export fisheries, including the U.S. (Florida and Puerto Rico). The U.S. is the world's largest buyer, followed by the European Union and Japan. The global trade consists of over 1400 species of reef fishes, of which only about 25 are captive bred on a commercial scale. Damselfish, anemonefish, and angelfish constitute over 50% of the global volume; butterflyfish, wrasses, blennies, gobies, triggerfish, filcfish, hawkfishes, groupers and basselets account for 31% of the trade, and the remaining 16% is represented by 33 families. The most important fishes from the Caribbean are angelfish (six species), seahorses (two species), royal gramma, jawfish, queen triggerfish, redlip blenny, puddingwife, bluehead wrasse, and blue chromis. The Caribbean currently supplies a small percentage of the global trade in marine ornamental species, but ornamental fisheries in this region represent important emerging industries. It is critical that effective ornamental fishery management plans and regulations are developed and enforced, and fishery-dependent and fishery-independent data are collected and utilized in decision making processes to ensure sustainable ornamental fisheries throughout the region.
海洋观赏鱼贸易始于20世纪30年代的斯里兰卡，20世纪50年代传播到夏威夷和菲律宾，并在20世纪70年代发展成为一个价值数百万美元的产业，热带太平洋、印度洋和大西洋各地都建立了渔业。目前，45个国家每年向全球市场供应约1400万至3000万条观赏鱼，进口价值为2800万至4400万美元。最大的供应国是印度尼西亚和菲律宾，其次是巴西、马尔代夫、越南、斯里兰卡和夏威夷。在热带西大西洋，有16个国家拥有出口渔业，包括美国（佛罗里达州和波多黎各）。美国是世界上最大的买家，其次是欧盟和日本。全球贸易涉及1400多种珊瑚礁鱼类，其中只有约25种是商业规模养殖的。雀鲷、海葵鱼和神仙鱼占全球交易量的50%以上；蝴蝶鱼、隆头鱼、鳚鱼、虾虎鱼、扳机鱼、镰鱼、鹰鱼、石斑鱼和小型海金鱼占贸易量的31%，其余16%由33个科代表。来自加勒比地区的最重要的鱼类是神仙鱼（6种）、海马（2种）、皇带鱼、颌针鱼、皇后扳机鱼、红唇鳚、普丁威夫鱼、蓝头隆头鱼和蓝光鳃鱼。加勒比地区目前在全球海洋观赏物种贸易中所占比例较小，但该地区的观赏渔业是重要的新兴产业。制定并执行有效的观赏渔业管理计划和法规，收集并在决策过程中利用依赖渔业和不依赖渔业的数据，以确保整个地区观赏渔业的可持续发展至关重要。
