Pinnegar John K, Murray Joanna M
Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft Laboratory, Lowestoft, UK.
School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
J Fish Biol. 2019 Jun;94(6):917-924. doi: 10.1111/jfb.13941. Epub 2019 Apr 3.
In this study, we conducted a unique survey of marine ornamental fishes appearing in UK retail stores, as well as a review of government trade statistics, with the aim to significantly strengthen the evidence-base in support of future management initiatives. Fifty marine aquarium retailers were visited. A total of 380 marine aquarium fish species (4926 individuals), from 48 families were recorded with the largest proportion of individuals belonging to the families Pomacentridae, Acanthuridae, Apogonidae, Labridae, Pomacanthidae, Gobiidae and Labridae. The majority of fishes for sale (91% of species) originated from the Indo-Pacific Ocean, with only a small number (9% of species) derived from the Atlantic Ocean. However, exact sources of individual species were unclear and poorly documented. Government trade statistics revealed that the ornamental reef-fish trade in the UK grew markedly between 1996 and 2008 with a rapid acceleration in 2003-2004. However, imports have declined since 2008 and amounted to less than 305,000 kg in 2017 with an economic value of UK £3 million (c. US $3.8). Recent trade data (2017) identify Indonesia, USA, Philippines and the Maldives as the most important countries in terms of imports to the UK. The UK is an important exporter of wild-caught fishes via trans-shipment, but also production of tank-reared animals. Several species observed for sale in the UK have been designated by the IUCN and CITES as being of conservation concern, although all these animals are thought to have been captive-reared.
在本研究中，我们对英国零售商店中出现的海洋观赏鱼进行了一项独特的调查，并对政府贸易统计数据进行了审查，目的是显著加强支持未来管理举措的证据基础。我们走访了50家海洋水族馆零售商。共记录了来自48个科的380种海洋水族馆鱼类（4926个个体），其中个体数量占比最大的科为雀鲷科、刺尾鱼科、天竺鲷科、隆头鱼科、棘蝶鱼科、虾虎鱼科和唇鱼科。待售鱼类中的大多数（91%的物种）原产于印度-太平洋地区，只有少数（9%的物种）来自大西洋。然而，单个物种的确切来源尚不清楚且记录不完善。政府贸易统计数据显示，1996年至2008年间，英国的观赏礁鱼贸易显著增长，在2003年至2004年期间加速迅猛。然而，自2008年以来进口量有所下降，2017年进口量不足305,000千克，经济价值为300万英镑（约合380万美元）。最新的贸易数据（2017年）表明，就对英国的进口而言，印度尼西亚、美国、菲律宾和马尔代夫是最重要的国家。英国是野生捕捞鱼类通过转运的重要出口国，也是人工养殖鱼类的生产国。在英国观察到待售的几种鱼类已被世界自然保护联盟（IUCN）和《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》（CITES）指定为具有保护意义的物种，尽管所有这些动物据信都是人工养殖的。
