Yeh Yei-Yu, Yang Cheng-Ta
Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2008 Jan;127(1):114-28. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2007.03.002. Epub 2007 Apr 26.
People often fail to detect a change between two visual scenes, a phenomenon referred to as change blindness. This study investigates how a post-change object's similarity to the pre-change object influences memory of the pre-change object and affects change detection. The results of Experiment 1 showed that similarity lowered detection sensitivity but did not affect the speed of identifying the pre-change object, suggesting that similarity between the pre- and post-change objects does not degrade the pre-change representation. Identification speed for the pre-change object was faster than naming the new object regardless of detection accuracy. Similarity also decreased detection sensitivity in Experiment 2 but improved the recognition of the pre-change object under both correct detection and detection failure. The similarity effect on recognition was greatly reduced when 20% of each pre-change stimulus was masked by random dots in Experiment 3. Together the results suggest that the level of pre-change representation under detection failure is equivalent to the level under correct detection and that the pre-change representation is almost complete. Similarity lowers detection sensitivity but improves explicit access in recognition. Dissociation arises between recognition and change detection as the two judgments rely on the match-to-mismatch signal and mismatch-to-match signal, respectively.
人们常常无法察觉到两个视觉场景之间的变化，这种现象被称为变化盲视。本研究调查了变化后物体与变化前物体的相似性如何影响对变化前物体的记忆以及如何影响变化检测。实验1的结果表明，相似性降低了检测灵敏度，但不影响识别变化前物体的速度，这表明变化前后物体之间的相似性不会降低变化前的表征。无论检测准确性如何，变化前物体的识别速度都比命名新物体的速度快。相似性在实验2中也降低了检测灵敏度，但在正确检测和检测失败的情况下都提高了对变化前物体的识别。在实验3中，当每个变化前刺激的20%被随机点遮挡时，相似性对识别的影响大大降低。综合结果表明，检测失败时变化前表征的水平与正确检测时的水平相当，并且变化前的表征几乎是完整的。相似性会降低检测灵敏度，但会提高识别中的显性提取。由于这两种判断分别依赖于匹配到不匹配信号和不匹配到匹配信号，因此在识别和变化检测之间会出现分离。
