Khan Nguyen Cong, Tuyen Le Danh, Ngoc Tran Xuan, Duong Phan Hoai, Khoi Ha Huy
National Institute of Nutrition, 48B Tang Bat Ho, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(2):274-8.
Reduction in childhood malnutrition in Vietnam between 1990 and 2004 was assessed using data from 5 national surveys. The prevalence of malnutrition, including stunting, declined significantly for underweight from 45% in 1990 to 26.6% in 2004. While the average reduction was 1.3% per year in the period from 1990 to 2000, it was 1.8% per year in the period from 2000 to 2004. The prevalence of stunting declined from 56.5% in 1990 to 30.7% in 2004, with an average reduction of 2% per year in the period from 1990 to 2000 and 1.5% per year in the period from 2000 to 2004. There were clear differences in the decrease in malnutrition prevalence between urban, rural and mountainous areas, the reduction being highest in the urban regions and lowest in the mountainous areas. Regression analysis showed that the nutrition status of the child is positively related to better household living conditions and to the educational level of the father, but not the mother. Stunting is higher in children whose parents are farmers and higher in households with more children. Stunting prevalence is lower in households with safe water access and hygienic toilets. In future , the dramatic reduction is childhood malnutrition as seen in the period 1990 to 2004 might not continue. More comprehensive apptoaches will be needed to lower childhood malnutrition in Vietnam further.
利用5次全国性调查的数据评估了1990年至2004年间越南儿童营养不良状况的改善情况。包括发育迟缓在内的营养不良患病率显著下降，体重不足患病率从1990年的45%降至2004年的26.6%。1990年至2000年期间平均每年下降1.3%，而2000年至2004年期间为每年1.8%。发育迟缓患病率从1990年的56.5%降至2004年的30.7%，1990年至2000年期间平均每年下降2%，2000年至2004年期间为每年1.5%。城市、农村和山区在营养不良患病率下降方面存在明显差异，城市地区下降幅度最大，山区最小。回归分析表明，儿童的营养状况与更好的家庭生活条件以及父亲的教育水平呈正相关，与母亲的教育水平无关。父母为农民的儿童发育迟缓率更高，子女较多的家庭中发育迟缓率也更高。有安全饮用水供应和卫生厕所的家庭中发育迟缓患病率较低。未来，1990年至2004年期间儿童营养不良状况的显著下降可能不会持续。需要采取更全面的方法来进一步降低越南儿童的营养不良状况。
