Shahar Suzana, Ibrahim Zuriati, Fatah Afaf Ruhi Abdul, Rahman Suriah Abdul, Yusoff Noor Aini Mohd, Arshad Fatimah, Yassin Zaitun, Adznam Siti Nur 'Asyura
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(2):346-53.
A multidimensional assessment of nutritional and health status comprised of subjective global assessment (SGA), anthropometry function, biochemistry, dietary intake, social and health aspects was carried out on 820 older people (52.8% men and 47.2% women) from four rural areas of Peninsular Malaysia. A proportion of the subjects had been classified as either overweight (25.7%) or chronic energy deficient (20.3%). Although 49% of subjects had normal body weight, 68.4% have been classified as having mild to moderate malnutrition according to the SGA. Only 1.1% and 2.3% had low serum albumin and ferritin, respectively. Almost 80% of subjects, especially men, were at high risk of cardiovascular diseases on the basis of the assessment of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol. The majority of the subjects (87.2%) were fully independent in performing daily tasks, with men having a significantly higher score compared to women (p<0.001). However, men were less likely to be able to perform a flexibility test (50.7%) than were women (27.0%) (p<0.05). The mean energy intake for men (1412 +/- 461 kcal/d) and women (1201 +/- 392 kcal/d) were below the Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) for Malaysia, although this is a difficult assertion to make in an age-group which generally experiences declining energy expenditure. Moreover, 52.5% of men and 47.5% of women might have underreported their food intake. Dietary micronutrients most likely to be deficient were thiamin, riboflavin and calcium. It is concluded that a substantial proportion of rural elderly Malays had problems related to both undernutrition and overnutrition. An appropriate nutrition intervention program is needed to improve the nutritional status of rural elderly Malays.
对马来西亚半岛四个农村地区的820名老年人（男性占52.8%，女性占47.2%）进行了营养与健康状况的多维度评估，评估内容包括主观全面评定（SGA）、人体测量功能、生物化学指标、饮食摄入量、社会和健康状况等方面。一部分受试者被归类为超重（25.7%）或慢性能量缺乏（20.3%）。虽然49%的受试者体重正常，但根据SGA评估，68.4%的人被归类为轻度至中度营养不良。只有1.1%和2.3%的人分别存在血清白蛋白和铁蛋白水平偏低的情况。根据总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的评估结果，近80%的受试者，尤其是男性，存在心血管疾病的高风险。大多数受试者（87.2%）在日常生活任务执行方面完全独立，男性的得分显著高于女性（p<0.001）。然而，男性能够完成灵活性测试的比例（50.7%）低于女性（27.0%）（p<0.05）。男性（1412±461千卡/天）和女性（1201±392千卡/天）的平均能量摄入量均低于马来西亚的推荐营养素摄入量（RNI），不过对于一个总体能量消耗通常会下降的年龄组而言很难做出这样的判断。此外，52.5%的男性和47.5%的女性可能少报了他们的食物摄入量。最有可能缺乏的膳食微量营养素是硫胺素、核黄素和钙。研究得出结论认为，相当一部分马来西亚农村老年人存在营养不足和营养过剩相关问题。需要制定适当的营养干预计划来改善马来西亚农村老年人的营养状况。
