评估住院老年人的营养状况。
Assessing the nutritional status of hospitalized elderly.
作者信息
Abd Aziz Nur Adilah Shuhada, Teng Nur Islami Mohd Fahmi, Abdul Hamid Mohd Ramadan, Ismail Nazrul Hadi
机构信息
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam, Malaysia.
出版信息
Clin Interv Aging. 2017 Oct 4;12:1615-1625. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S140859. eCollection 2017.
PURPOSE
The increasing number of elderly people worldwide throughout the years is concerning due to the health problems often faced by this population. This review aims to summarize the nutritional status among hospitalized elderly and the role of the nutritional assessment tools in this issue.
METHODS
A literature search was performed on six databases using the terms "malnutrition", "hospitalised elderly", "nutritional assessment", "Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA)", "Geriatric Nutrition Risk Index (GNRI)", and "Subjective Global Assessment (SGA)".
RESULTS
According to the previous studies, the prevalence of malnutrition among hospitalized elderly shows an increasing trend not only locally but also across the world. Under-recognition of malnutrition causes the number of malnourished hospitalized elderly to remain high throughout the years. Thus, the development of nutritional screening and assessment tools has been widely studied, and these tools are readily available nowadays. SGA, MNA, and GNRI are the nutritional assessment tools developed specifically for the elderly and are well validated in most countries. However, to date, there is no single tool that can be considered as the universal gold standard for the diagnosis of nutritional status in hospitalized patients.
CONCLUSION
It is important to identify which nutritional assessment tool is suitable to be used in this group to ensure that a structured assessment and documentation of nutritional status can be established. An early and accurate identification of the appropriate treatment of malnutrition can be done as soon as possible, and thus, the malnutrition rate among this group can be minimized in the future.
目的
多年来，全球老年人数量不断增加，这一群体常面临健康问题，令人担忧。本综述旨在总结住院老年人的营养状况以及营养评估工具在此问题中的作用。
方法
在六个数据库中进行文献检索，使用的检索词为“营养不良”“住院老年人”“营养评估”“微型营养评定法（MNA）”“老年营养风险指数（GNRI）”和“主观全面评定法（SGA）”。
结果
根据以往研究，住院老年人中营养不良的患病率不仅在当地，而且在全球都呈上升趋势。对营养不良的认识不足导致多年来营养不良的住院老年人数量居高不下。因此，营养筛查和评估工具的开发得到了广泛研究，如今这些工具已 readily available。SGA、MNA和GNRI是专门为老年人开发的营养评估工具，在大多数国家都得到了很好的验证。然而，迄今为止，尚无单一工具可被视为诊断住院患者营养状况的通用金标准。
结论
确定哪种营养评估工具适用于该群体很重要，以确保能够建立营养状况的结构化评估和记录。尽早准确地确定营养不良的适当治疗方法，从而在未来使该群体的营养不良率降至最低。
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