Parker Andrew, Dagnall Neil, Coyle Anne-Marie
Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.
Memory. 2007 May;15(4):423-34. doi: 10.1080/09658210701309834.
Previous research has found environmental context effects for both conceptual explicit and conceptual implicit memory (Parker, Gellatly, & Waterman, 1999). The research presented here challenges these findings on methodological grounds. Experiment 1 assessed the effects of context change on category-exemplar generation (conceptual implicit memory test) and category-cued recall (conceptual explicit memory test). Experiment 2 assessed the effects of context change on word association (conceptual implicit memory test) and word associate cued recall (conceptual explicit memory test). In both experiments, study-test changes in environmental context were found to influence performance only on tests of explicit memory. It is concluded that when retrieval cues across explicit and implicit tests are matched, and the probability of explicit contamination is reduced, then only conceptual explicit test performance is reduced by study-test changes in environmental context.
先前的研究发现，环境背景对概念性显性记忆和概念性隐性记忆均有影响（帕克、盖拉特利和沃特曼，1999年）。此处呈现的研究从方法论角度对这些发现提出了质疑。实验1评估了背景变化对类别范例生成（概念性隐性记忆测试）和类别线索回忆（概念性显性记忆测试）的影响。实验2评估了背景变化对词语联想（概念性隐性记忆测试）和词语联想线索回忆（概念性显性记忆测试）的影响。在这两个实验中，均发现学习 - 测试环境背景的变化仅对显性记忆测试的表现有影响。得出的结论是，当显性和隐性测试中的检索线索相匹配，且显性污染的可能性降低时，那么只有概念性显性测试的表现会因学习 - 测试环境背景的变化而降低。
