Buitrago Esperanza, Lodeiros Seijo César
Departamento de Cultivos, Estación de Investigaciones Marinas, Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales, Punta de Piedras 6318, Isla de Margarita, Venezuela.
Rev Biol Trop. 2005 Dec;53 Suppl 3:319-28.
We evaluated the biological feasibility of massive larvae and postlarvae production of the Caribbean green-white urchin Lytechinus variegatus. Experiments were designed to choose the initial larval density and microalgae diets under culture, to study metamorphosis, postlarval and juvenile growth. Massive production of competent larvae 650 microm long at 12-13 days is possible using larval densities of 0.25 to 1 larva/ml. The microalgae Rhodomonas sp. was suitable for the optimization of larval growth and survival. Metamorphosis of 100% of the larvae can be induced with films of bentic diatoms (Navicula sp. and Amphora sp.), after 96 h; however, diatoms are not adequate for postlarval development and a food supply of Ulva lactuta is necessary for proper growth. For juveniles, a diet of macroalgae (U. lactuta) and/or commercial marine shrimp culture pellet food is enough for growth, but the best results were obtained with shrimp or U. lactuta used alone (85-86%, against 46% with the mixed diet). We recommend future experiments on nutritional requirements to optimize growth of these and subsequent stages.
我们评估了大规模生产加勒比绿白海胆（Lytechinus variegatus）幼虫和后期幼虫的生物学可行性。实验旨在选择养殖条件下的初始幼虫密度和微藻饵料，研究变态、后期幼虫及幼体的生长情况。使用0.25至1只幼虫/毫升的幼虫密度，有可能在12至13天内大量生产体长650微米的合格幼虫。微藻红胞藻属（Rhodomonas sp.）适合用于优化幼虫的生长和存活。96小时后，用底栖硅藻（舟形藻属（Navicula sp.）和双眉藻属（Amphora sp.））薄膜可诱导100%的幼虫变态；然而，硅藻并不适合后期幼虫发育，为实现正常生长，需要供应石莼（Ulva lactuta）作为食物。对于幼体而言，大型藻类（石莼）和/或商业养殖的海洋虾类颗粒饲料足以满足其生长需求，但单独使用虾类或石莼可获得最佳效果（85 - 86%，混合饲料组为46%）。我们建议未来开展关于营养需求的实验，以优化这些阶段及后续阶段的生长。
