Salas-Garza A, Carpizo-Ituarte E, Parés-Sierra G, Martínez-López R, Quintana-Rodríguez R
Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Apdo. Postal 453, Km 103, Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, Unidad Universitaria Ensenada, BC México.
Rev Biol Trop. 2005 Dec;53 Suppl 3:345-55.
The red sea urchin Strongylocentrotusfranciscanus (Agassiz 1863) is harvested commercially in Baja California, Mexico, since 1970; however, in the last ten years the capture per unit effort (CPUE) has decreased from 310 kg/fishing unit/day to 120 kg/fishing unit/day. For this reason, actions were taken to develop a culture technology allowing massive production of juveniles for re-stocking natural populations or for growing them commercially. We summarize some of the basic studies and main achievements in this effort. In Baja California, considerably faster larval development (approximately 21 days) has been attained than in the US northwest coast (62 days). Spawning of red sea urchins was routinely induced with KCI while egg fertilization was performed using a 100,000-sperm/ml solution. Six microalgae species were tested and Rhodomonas sp. produced the best larval development. The mean survival rate at the end of the larval period was 25%, but results varied widely with bactch. From the feed ratios tested, best results were obtained using 7000 cel/ml during the first week of larval development, followed by 10,000 cel/ml during the second and 15,000 cel/ml during the third week. KCl proved the most consistent metamorphic inducer, regularly yielding metamorphosis percentages higher than 90%. Metamorphosis was considered complete when the functional jaw that juveniles use for first benthic feeding appeared (as soon as 20 days after induction). With this method several thousands of red sea urchin juveniles were produced. They reached up to 1.5 mm in size during the first 50 days of culture after metamorphosis, showing the great potential for mass production of this species in the laboratory.
自1970年以来，红海胆（Strongylocentrotus franciscanus，阿加西，1863年）就在墨西哥下加利福尼亚进行商业捕捞；然而，在过去十年中，单位捕捞努力量（CPUE）已从310千克/捕捞单位/天降至120千克/捕捞单位/天。因此，人们采取行动开发一种养殖技术，以便大量培育幼体用于补充自然种群或进行商业养殖。我们总结了这项工作中的一些基础研究和主要成果。在下加利福尼亚，红海胆幼体的发育速度（约21天）比美国西北海岸（62天）快得多。红海胆的产卵通常用氯化钾诱导，而卵子受精则使用每毫升100,000个精子的溶液。测试了六种微藻，其中红胞藻属产生的幼体发育效果最佳。幼体期结束时的平均存活率为25%，但批次间差异很大。从测试的投喂比例来看，幼体发育第一周使用7000个细胞/毫升，第二周使用10,000个细胞/毫升，第三周使用15,000个细胞/毫升时效果最佳。氯化钾被证明是最稳定的变态诱导剂，变态率通常高于90%。当幼体用于首次底栖摄食的功能性颚出现时（诱导后最快20天），变态被认为完成。用这种方法生产了数千只红海胆幼体。变态后养殖的前50天内，它们的大小可达1.5毫米，显示出该物种在实验室中大规模生产的巨大潜力。
