Visser Troy A W
Department of Behavioural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2007 Apr;33(2):285-97. doi: 10.1037/0096-1523.33.2.285.
When observers are presented with 2 targets in rapid succession, identification of the 1st is highly accurate, whereas identification of the 2nd is impaired at brief intertarget intervals (i.e., 200-500 ms). This 2nd-target deficit is known as the attentional blink (AB). According to bottleneck models, the AB arises because attending to the 1st target delays allocation of attention to the 2nd target. Thus, these models predict that increasing 1st-target processing time will increase the magnitude of the AB. Previous tests of this prediction have yielded mixed results. The present work suggests that one factor contributing to this uncertainty is masking of the 1st target: When this mask is omitted, processing time and AB magnitude are reliably related. These findings clarify the role of 1st-target masking in the AB and support the validity of the bottleneck account.
当观察者快速连续面对两个目标时，对第一个目标的识别准确率很高，而在较短的目标间间隔（即200 - 500毫秒）下，对第二个目标的识别会受到损害。这种第二个目标的缺陷被称为注意瞬脱（AB）。根据瓶颈模型，注意瞬脱的出现是因为关注第一个目标会延迟对第二个目标的注意力分配。因此，这些模型预测增加第一个目标的处理时间会增加注意瞬脱的程度。此前对这一预测的测试结果不一。目前的研究表明，造成这种不确定性的一个因素是第一个目标的掩蔽：当省略这个掩蔽时，处理时间和注意瞬脱程度存在可靠的关联。这些发现阐明了第一个目标掩蔽在注意瞬脱中的作用，并支持了瓶颈理论的有效性。
