Brush Barbara L, Sochalski Julie
Division of Health Promotion and Risk Reduction, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
Policy Polit Nurs Pract. 2007 Feb;8(1):37-46. doi: 10.1177/1527154407301393.
Developed countries facing nursing shortages have increasingly turned to aggressive foreign nurse recruitment, primarily from developing nations, to offset their lagging domestic nurse supplies and meet growing health care demands. Few donor nations are prepared to manage the loss of their nurse workforce to migration. The sole country with an explicit nurse export policy and the world's leading donor of nurse labor - the Philippines - is itself facing serious provider maldistribution and countrywide health disparities. Examining the historical roots of Philippines nurse migration provides lessons from which other nurse exporting countries may learn. The authors discuss factors that have predicated nurse migration and policies that have eased the way. Furthermore, the authors analyze how various stakeholders influence migratory patterns, the implications of migration for nurses and the public in their care, and the challenges that future social policy and political systems face in addressing global health issues engendered by unfettered recruitment of nurses and other health workers.
面临护士短缺的发达国家越来越多地积极从国外招聘护士，主要是从发展中国家招聘，以弥补其国内护士供应的不足，并满足日益增长的医疗保健需求。很少有输出国准备好应对护士劳动力因移民而流失的情况。唯一拥有明确护士输出政策且是全球主要护士劳动力输出国的菲律宾，自身正面临严重的医疗服务提供者分布不均和全国范围内的健康差距问题。审视菲律宾护士移民的历史根源能为其他护士输出国提供借鉴经验。作者们讨论了促使护士移民的因素以及为其提供便利的政策。此外，作者们分析了不同利益相关者如何影响移民模式、移民对护士及其护理对象的影响，以及未来社会政策和政治体系在应对因无节制招聘护士和其他医护人员而引发的全球健康问题时所面临的挑战。
