Afshari Ali, Masoumi Seyedeh Zahra, Borzou Seyed Reza, Safdari Ali, Khazaei Afshin
Chronic Diseases (Home Care) Research Center, Institute of Cancer, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
Mother and Child Care Research Center, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
BMC Nurs. 2025 Jun 3;24(1):632. doi: 10.1186/s12912-025-03302-7.
The migration of nurses, nursing students, and graduates has become a global phenomenon shaped by various factors influencing their decision to relocate for education and employment. Understanding these factors is crucial because nurse migration directly impacts workforce availability, retention, and the equity of healthcare services worldwide. This study aimed to rank the factors driving nurse migration from the perspective of nurses in Hamadan Province, western Iran.
The research team implemented a summative content analysis on Porsline's electronic survey system to collect data. Research participants included nurses serving in government hospitals and nursing students from both government and private institutions in Hamadan Province, located in western Iran. A total of 724 nursing students and nurses participated in the study, which was conducted through convenience sampling. They provided open-ended responses to the inquiry: "Have you ever considered migrating abroad as a nursing student, graduate, or practicing nurse?" What reasons and factors have led you to consider migration?".
Data analysis, within the framework of the global chain of care theory, identified five key themes, which were ranked and assessed on the basis of frequency and their perceived impact: (1) economic drivers (666 frequency), including factors such as low salaries, high living costs, and the pursuit of improved living standards; (2) the workplace environment and career development (432 frequency), addressing issues such as poor working conditions, workplace hostility, limited career advancement opportunities, and the allure of better prospects abroad; (3) sociopolitical and systemic challenges (92 frequency), encompassing weaknesses in the healthcare system, political instability, and economic uncertainty; (4) personal and family motivations (47 frequency), which include aspects such as family welfare and sociocultural aspirations; and (5) global demand and recruitment (31 frequency), emphasizing the influence of peers and active international recruitment strategies. The findings of this study led to the creation of a new theme (theme 3) outside the theoretical framework, which includes factors such as political instability, health care system weaknesses, and structural constraints-elements not directly addressed in the global chain of care (GCC) theory.
This study revealed that nurse migration in Iran is predominantly influenced by economic and workplace-related challenges, with distinct variations observed among nursing students, graduates, and practicing nurses. The primary factors contributing to this phenomenon include economic issues, such as insufficient salaries and elevated living expenses, as well as unfavorable working conditions and limited opportunities for career advancement. To mitigate these challenges, policymakers are urged to implement strategies focused on increasing salaries, improving workplace conditions, and providing avenues for professional development.
Not applicable.
护士、护理专业学生及毕业生的迁移已成为一种全球现象，受到多种因素影响，这些因素促使他们决定为了教育和就业而迁移。了解这些因素至关重要，因为护士迁移直接影响全球劳动力供应、留用情况以及医疗服务的公平性。本研究旨在从伊朗西部哈马丹省护士的角度，对推动护士迁移的因素进行排名。
研究团队在Porsline电子调查系统上进行了总结性内容分析以收集数据。研究参与者包括在伊朗西部哈马丹省公立医院工作的护士以及来自政府和私立机构的护理专业学生。共有724名护理专业学生和护士参与了该研究，研究通过便利抽样进行。他们对以下询问提供了开放式回答：“作为护理专业学生、毕业生或执业护士，你是否曾考虑过出国迁移？”“哪些原因和因素促使你考虑迁移？”
在全球护理链理论框架内进行的数据分析确定了五个关键主题，并根据出现频率及其感知影响进行了排名和评估：（1）经济驱动因素（出现频率666），包括低工资、高生活成本以及对提高生活水平的追求等因素；（2）工作场所环境和职业发展（出现频率432），涉及工作条件差、工作场所敌意、职业晋升机会有限以及国外更好前景的吸引力等问题；（3）社会政治和系统性挑战（出现频率92），包括医疗系统的弱点、政治不稳定和经济不确定性；（4）个人和家庭动机（出现频率47），包括家庭福利和社会文化期望等方面；（5）全球需求和招聘（出现频率31），强调同行的影响和积极的国际招聘策略。本研究的结果导致在理论框架之外创建了一个新主题（主题3），其中包括政治不稳定、医疗系统弱点和结构限制等因素——这些要素在全球护理链（GCC）理论中未直接涉及。
本研究表明，伊朗的护士迁移主要受经济和与工作场所相关的挑战影响，护理专业学生、毕业生和执业护士之间存在明显差异。导致这一现象的主要因素包括经济问题，如工资不足和生活费用上升，以及不利的工作条件和有限的职业晋升机会。为了缓解这些挑战，敦促政策制定者实施侧重于提高工资、改善工作场所条件和提供职业发展途径的策略。
不适用。
