Drinkwater Eric J, Hopkins Will G, McKenna Michael J, Hunt Patrick H, Pyne David B
School of Human Movement Studies, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW, Australia.
J Sports Sci. 2007 Jun;25(8):869-78. doi: 10.1080/02640410600907870.
Concerns about the value of physical testing and apparently declining test performance in junior basketball players prompted this retrospective study of trends in anthropometric and fitness test scores related to recruitment age and recruitment year. The participants were 1011 females and 1087 males entering Basketball Australia's State and National programmes (1862 and 236 players, respectively). Players were tested on 2.6 +/- 2.0 (mean +/- s) occasions over 0.8 +/- 1.0 year. Test scores were adjusted to recruitment age (14-19 years) and recruitment year (1996-2003) using mixed modelling. Effects were estimated by log transformation and expressed as standardized (Cohen) differences in means. National players scored more favourably than State players on all tests, with the differences being generally small (standardized differences, 0.2-0.6) or moderate (0.6-1.2). On all tests, males scored more favourably than females, with large standardized differences (>1.2). Athletes entering at age 16 performed at least moderately better than athletes entering at age 14 on most tests (standardized differences, 0.7-2.1), but test scores often plateaued or began to deteriorate at around 17 years. Some fitness scores deteriorated over the 8-year period, most notably a moderate increase in sprint time and moderate (National male) to large (National female) declines in shuttle run performance. Variation in test scores between National players was generally less than that between State players (ratio of standard deviations, 0.83-1.18). More favourable means and lower variability in athletes of a higher standard highlight the potential utility of these tests in junior basketball programmes, although secular declines should be a major concern of Australian basketball coaches.
对体能测试价值的担忧以及青少年篮球运动员测试成绩明显下降，促使开展了这项回顾性研究，以探讨与招募年龄和招募年份相关的人体测量和体能测试分数的趋势。参与者为1011名女性和1087名男性，他们进入了澳大利亚篮球协会的州级和国家级项目（分别为1862名和236名球员）。球员在0.8±1.0年的时间里接受了2.6±2.0（均值±标准差）次测试。使用混合模型将测试分数调整至招募年龄（14 - 19岁）和招募年份（1996 - 2003年）。通过对数转换估计效应，并以均值的标准化（科恩）差异表示。在所有测试中，国家级球员的得分均优于州级球员，差异通常较小（标准化差异为0.2 - 0.6）或中等（0.6 - 1.2）。在所有测试中，男性得分优于女性，标准化差异较大（>1.2）。在大多数测试中，16岁进入项目的运动员表现至少比14岁进入项目的运动员中等程度更好（标准化差异为0.7 - 2.1），但测试分数通常在17岁左右趋于平稳或开始下降。在这8年期间，一些体能分数有所下降，最明显的是短跑时间适度增加，穿梭跑成绩中等程度下降（国家级男性）至大幅下降（国家级女性）。国家级球员之间测试分数的差异通常小于州级球员之间的差异（标准差比值为0.83 - 1.18）。较高水平运动员更优的值和更低的变异性凸显了这些测试在青少年篮球项目中的潜在效用，但长期下降应是澳大利亚篮球教练的主要担忧。
