Davis R M, Monaco K, Romano R M
Center for Chronic Disease Prevention, Centers for Disease Control, Rockville, Maryland.
Clin Chest Med. 1991 Dec;12(4):819-33.
The smoking cessation effort has made tremendous progress since the 1964 Report of the Surgeon General described the health hazards of smoking. The impact of these efforts on smoking is particularly impressive when the current smoking level is compared with levels of smoking projected from trends apparent before that 1964 report, levels that might have been reached if there had been no national stop-smoking campaign. Because of the campaign, an estimated 35 million Americans were nonsmokers in 1985 who would otherwise have been smokers. If these figures are projected to the year 2000, the campaign will have postponed more than 2 million deaths. Therefore, reducing the prevalence of smoking in adults from about 40% in 1964 to 29% in 1987 can be considered a tremendous public health achievement. Among those who did take up smoking, there is also reason for some optimism. By 1987, more than 38 million Americans had quit smoking; this figure represents nearly half of all living adults who ever smoked. The 1990 Report of the Surgeon General gave a positive message to the 50 million Americans who continue to smoke by describing the health benefits of quitting for all the major smoking-related diseases.
自1964年美国卫生局局长报告描述了吸烟对健康的危害以来，戒烟工作取得了巨大进展。将目前的吸烟水平与1964年报告之前明显的趋势所预测的吸烟水平相比，这些努力对吸烟的影响尤其显著。如果没有全国性的戒烟运动，可能会达到那些预测水平。由于这场运动，1985年估计有3500万美国人不吸烟，否则他们会是吸烟者。如果将这些数字推算到2000年，这场运动将推迟超过200万人死亡。因此，将成年人吸烟率从1964年的约40%降至1987年的29%可被视为一项巨大的公共卫生成就。在那些确实开始吸烟的人群中，也有一些值得乐观的理由。到1987年，超过3800万美国人已经戒烟；这一数字几乎占所有曾经吸烟的在世成年人的一半。1990年美国卫生局局长报告向5000万继续吸烟的美国人传达了一个积极的信息，即描述了戒烟对所有主要吸烟相关疾病的健康益处。
