Richter Joel D
Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
Trends Biochem Sci. 2007 Jun;32(6):279-85. doi: 10.1016/j.tibs.2007.04.004. Epub 2007 May 4.
Nearly two decades ago, Xenopus oocytes were found to contain mRNAs harboring a small sequence in their 3' untranslated regions that control cytoplasmic polyadenylation and translational activation during development. This cytoplasmic polyadenylation element (CPE) is the binding platform for CPE-binding protein (CPEB), which promotes polyadenylation-induced translation. Since then, the biochemistry and biology of CPEB has grown rather substantially: mechanistically, CPEB nucleates a complex of factors that regulates poly(A) elongation through, of all things, a deadenylating enzyme; biologically, CPEB mediates many processes including germ-cell development, cell division and cellular senescence, and synaptic plasticity and learning and memory. These observations underscore the growing complexities of CPEB involvement in cell function.
近二十年前，人们发现非洲爪蟾卵母细胞含有一些信使核糖核酸（mRNAs），这些信使核糖核酸在其3'非翻译区含有一小段序列，该序列在发育过程中控制细胞质聚腺苷酸化和翻译激活。这种细胞质聚腺苷酸化元件（CPE）是CPE结合蛋白（CPEB）的结合平台，CPEB可促进聚腺苷酸化诱导的翻译。从那时起，CPEB的生物化学和生物学研究有了相当大的进展：从机制上讲，CPEB形成了一个因子复合体，该复合体通过一种去腺苷酸化酶来调节聚腺苷酸（poly(A)）的延伸；从生物学角度来看，CPEB介导许多过程，包括生殖细胞发育、细胞分裂和细胞衰老，以及突触可塑性、学习和记忆。这些观察结果突显了CPEB参与细胞功能的复杂性日益增加。
