Sun Ningze, Su Zhiwei, Zheng Xiaoyan
Beijing Institute of Tropical Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory for Research on Prevention and Treatment of Tropical Diseases, Beijing, China.
Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev. 2024 Dec 12;33(1):101398. doi: 10.1016/j.omtm.2024.101398. eCollection 2025 Mar 13.
In recent years, mRNA vaccines have emerged as a leading technology for preventing infectious diseases due to their rapid development and high immunogenicity. These vaccines encode viral antigens, which are translated into antigenic proteins within host cells, inducing both humoral and cellular immune responses. This review systematically examines the progress in mRNA vaccine research for major mosquito-borne viruses, including dengue virus, Zika virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, Chikungunya virus, yellow fever virus, Rift Valley fever virus, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. Enhancements in mRNA vaccine design, such as improvements to the 5' cap structure, 5'UTR, open reading frame, 3'UTR, and polyadenylation tail, have significantly increased mRNA stability and translation efficiency. Additionally, the use of lipid nanoparticles and polymer nanoparticles has greatly improved the delivery efficiency of mRNA vaccines. Currently, mRNA vaccines against mosquito-borne viruses are under development and clinical trials, showing promising protective effects. Future research should continue to optimize vaccine design and delivery systems to achieve broad-spectrum and long-lasting protection against various mosquito-borne virus infections.
近年来，mRNA疫苗因其快速发展和高免疫原性，已成为预防传染病的一项领先技术。这些疫苗编码病毒抗原，病毒抗原在宿主细胞内被翻译为抗原蛋白，从而诱导体液免疫和细胞免疫反应。本综述系统地研究了针对主要蚊媒病毒的mRNA疫苗研究进展，这些病毒包括登革病毒、寨卡病毒、日本脑炎病毒、基孔肯雅病毒、黄热病病毒、裂谷热病毒和委内瑞拉马脑炎病毒。mRNA疫苗设计方面的改进，如对5'帽结构、5'非翻译区、开放阅读框、3'非翻译区和聚腺苷酸化尾的改进，显著提高了mRNA的稳定性和翻译效率。此外，脂质纳米颗粒和聚合物纳米颗粒的使用极大地提高了mRNA疫苗的递送效率。目前，针对蚊媒病毒的mRNA疫苗正在研发和临床试验中，显示出有前景的保护效果。未来的研究应继续优化疫苗设计和递送系统，以实现针对各种蚊媒病毒感染的广谱和持久保护。
