Hodgson Catherine, Lambon Ralph Matthew A
Neuroscience and Aphasia Research Unit, School of Psychological Sciences, Zochonis Building, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
Brain Lang. 2008 Jan;104(1):89-101. doi: 10.1016/j.bandl.2007.03.007. Epub 2007 May 4.
Semantic errors are commonly found in semantic dementia (SD) and some forms of stroke aphasia and provide insights into semantic processing and speech production. Low error rates are found in standard picture naming tasks in normal controls. In order to increase error rates and thus provide an experimental model of aphasic performance, this study utilised a novel method- tempo picture naming. Experiment 1 showed that, compared to standard deadline naming tasks, participants made more errors on the tempo picture naming tasks. Further, RTs were longer and more errors were produced to living items than non-living items a pattern seen in both semantic dementia and semantically-impaired stroke aphasic patients. Experiment 2 showed that providing the initial phoneme as a cue enhanced performance whereas providing an incorrect phonemic cue further reduced performance. These results support the contention that the tempo picture naming paradigm reduces the time allowed for controlled semantic processing causing increased error rates. This experimental procedure would, therefore, appear to mimic the performance of aphasic patients with multi-modal semantic impairment that results from poor semantic control rather than the degradation of semantic representations observed in semantic dementia [Jefferies, E. A., & Lambon Ralph, M. A. (2006). Semantic impairment in stoke aphasia vs. semantic dementia: A case-series comparison. Brain, 129, 2132-2147]. Further implications for theories of semantic cognition and models of speech processing are discussed.
语义错误常见于语义性痴呆（SD）以及某些形式的中风失语症中，为语义加工和言语产生提供了见解。在正常对照组的标准图片命名任务中错误率较低。为了提高错误率，从而提供一种失语症表现的实验模型，本研究采用了一种新方法——限时图片命名。实验1表明，与标准的限时命名任务相比，参与者在限时图片命名任务中犯的错误更多。此外，与无生命物体相比，对有生命物体的反应时间更长，产生的错误更多，这种模式在语义性痴呆和语义受损的中风失语症患者中都能看到。实验2表明，提供首音作为线索可提高表现，而提供错误的音素线索则会进一步降低表现。这些结果支持了这样一种观点，即限时图片命名范式减少了用于受控语义加工的时间，导致错误率增加。因此，这个实验程序似乎模仿了具有多模态语义损伤的失语症患者的表现，这种损伤是由语义控制不佳导致的，而不是语义性痴呆中观察到的语义表征退化[杰弗里斯，E. A.，& 兰伯恩·拉尔夫，M. A.（2006年）。中风失语症与语义性痴呆中的语义损伤：病例系列比较。《大脑》，129，2132 - 2147]。文中还讨论了对语义认知理论和言语加工模型的进一步影响。
