Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, 50 Township Line Rd. Elkins Park, Philadelphia, PA 19027, USA.
Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci. 2011 Mar;11(1):32-43. doi: 10.3758/s13415-010-0009-7.
One way to examine the dynamics of word processing is to investigate how processing is affected by the co-activation of similar words ("neighbors"). A unique prediction of attractor dynamical models is that near neighbors should exert inhibitory effects and distant neighbors should exert facilitative effects. In study 1, data from 62 unselected chronic aphasia patients revealed a higher rate of semantic errors for words with many near semantic neighbors and fewer semantic errors for words with many distant semantic neighbors. In study 2, this basic result was replicated in controls using a speeded picture-naming paradigm. Together, these two studies provide strong new evidence consistent with the attractor dynamics view of neighborhood effects. In addition, analyses of correlations between effect sizes and lesion locations, and comparisons with the existing literature on semantic deficits in aphasia and the speeded picture-naming paradigm, all provide converging evidence that the semantic error patterns found in the present studies were due to disruptions of cognitive control mechanisms.
一种研究文字处理动态的方法是考察相似词汇的共同激活（“邻居”）如何影响处理过程。吸引子动力学模型的一个独特预测是，近邻应该产生抑制作用，远邻应该产生促进作用。在研究 1 中，对 62 名未经选择的慢性失语症患者的数据进行了分析，结果表明，语义邻居较多的单词产生语义错误的速度较快，语义邻居较少的单词产生语义错误的速度较慢。在研究 2 中，使用快速图片命名范式在对照组中复制了这一基本结果。这两项研究共同为吸引子动力学观点的邻域效应提供了强有力的新证据。此外，对效应大小与病变位置之间相关性的分析，以及与失语症和快速图片命名范式中语义缺陷的现有文献的比较，都提供了趋同的证据，表明本研究中发现的语义错误模式是由于认知控制机制的破坏所致。
