Ferrão Paulo, Ribeiro Paulo, Silva Paulo
IN+ - Center for Innovation, Technology and Policy Research, IST - Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
Waste Manag. 2008;28(3):604-14. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2007.02.033. Epub 2007 May 7.
The European Union introduced several policy instruments based in the extended producer responsibility (EPR) in order to improve the environmental performance of products and services through their life cycles. In this context, the Portuguese government decided to apply the EPR concept to tyres, and producers were obliged to constitute an end-of-life management system to promote the collection, recycling and reuse of end-of-life (EOL) tyres. This required producers, distributors, recyclers and retreaders to be identified and characterized, and local processing infrastructures to be analyzed. The information was used to design an economically optimised EOL tyre management system while promoting the activity of all EOL operators in order for the imposed collecting and recovery targets to be fulfilled. This paper discusses the interaction between the different governmental, private and academic institutions for the creation of the integrated management system for EOL tyres, the approach taken, the technical, political and legal aspects underneath them, as well as the environmental consequences induced by the creation of the management system. The results obtained during the first years of operation are reported and show an increase in the collection and recycling of EOL tyres and the consolidation of the collection and processing infrastructures.
欧盟推出了基于生产者延伸责任（EPR）的多项政策工具，以便通过产品和服务的生命周期来提升其环境绩效。在此背景下，葡萄牙政府决定将EPR概念应用于轮胎，生产商有义务建立一套报废管理系统，以促进报废（EOL）轮胎的收集、回收和再利用。这就需要识别并描述生产商、经销商、回收商和翻新商的特征，并分析当地的处理基础设施。这些信息被用于设计一个经济上优化的EOL轮胎管理系统，同时促进所有EOL运营商的活动，以便实现规定的收集和回收目标。本文讨论了不同政府机构、私营机构和学术机构之间为创建EOL轮胎综合管理系统而进行的互动、所采取的方法、其背后的技术、政治和法律方面，以及创建该管理系统所引发的环境后果。报告了运营头几年所取得的成果，结果显示EOL轮胎的收集和回收有所增加，收集和处理基础设施得到了巩固。
