Wang H, Peca J, Matsuzaki M, Matsuzaki K, Noguchi J, Qiu L, Wang D, Zhang F, Boyden E, Deisseroth K, Kasai H, Hall W C, Feng G, Augustine G J
Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 May 8;104(19):8143-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0700384104. Epub 2007 May 1.
To permit rapid optical control of brain activity, we have engineered multiple lines of transgenic mice that express the light-activated cation channel Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) in subsets of neurons. Illumination of ChR2-positive neurons in brain slices produced photocurrents that generated action potentials within milliseconds and with precisely timed latencies. The number of light-evoked action potentials could be controlled by varying either the amplitude or duration of illumination. Furthermore, the frequency of light-evoked action potentials could be precisely controlled up to 30 Hz. Photostimulation also could evoke synaptic transmission between neurons, and, by scanning with a small laser light spot, we were able to map the spatial distribution of synaptic circuits connecting neurons within living cerebral cortex. We conclude that ChR2 is a genetically based photostimulation technology that permits analysis of neural circuits with high spatial and temporal resolution in transgenic mammals.
为了实现对大脑活动的快速光学控制，我们构建了多系转基因小鼠，这些小鼠在部分神经元中表达光激活阳离子通道嗜盐菌视紫红质-2（ChR2）。对脑片上ChR2阳性神经元进行光照可产生光电流，该光电流能在数毫秒内产生动作电位，且潜伏期精确。通过改变光照的幅度或持续时间，可以控制光诱发动作电位的数量。此外，光诱发动作电位的频率可精确控制至30Hz。光刺激还能诱发神经元之间的突触传递，并且通过用小激光光斑进行扫描，我们能够绘制活体大脑皮层内连接神经元的突触回路的空间分布。我们得出结论，ChR2是一种基于基因的光刺激技术，可在转基因哺乳动物中以高时空分辨率分析神经回路。
