Li Wen-Chin, Harris Don, Chen Aurora
Psychology Department, National Defence University, Taiwan, Republic of China.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 2007 Apr;78(4):420-5.
Aviation accident rates vary in different regions; Asia and Africa have higher rates than Europe and America. There has been a great deal of discussion about the role of culture in aviation mishaps; however, culture is rarely mentioned as a contributory factor in accidents. It is hypothesized that different cultures will show different patterns in the underlying causal factors in aircraft accidents.
Using a meta-analysis of previously published results, this research examined statistical differences in the 18 categories of the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) across accidents in the Republic of China (Taiwan), India, and the United States.
Seven HFACS categories exhibited significant differences between these three regions. These were mostly concerned with contributory factors at the higher organizational levels. The differences were related to organizational processes, organizational climate, resource management, inadequate supervision, physical/mental limitations, adverse mental states, and decision errors.
Overall, the evidence from this research supports the observation that national cultures have an impact on aviation safety and adds further explanatory power with regards to why this should be so. The majority of the cultural issues identified seem to be associated with the style of management of the organizations rather than the operation of the aircraft per se.
不同地区的航空事故率各不相同；亚洲和非洲的事故率高于欧洲和美洲。关于文化在航空事故中所起的作用，已经有大量讨论；然而，文化很少被提及为事故的一个促成因素。据推测，不同文化在飞机事故的潜在因果因素方面会呈现出不同模式。
本研究通过对先前发表结果的荟萃分析，考察了中华民国（台湾）、印度和美国事故中人类因素分析与分类系统（HFACS）18个类别的统计差异。
这三个地区之间有七个HFACS类别存在显著差异。这些差异大多与较高组织层面的促成因素有关。差异涉及组织流程、组织氛围、资源管理、监督不足、身体/心理局限、不良心理状态和决策失误。
总体而言，本研究的证据支持了民族文化对航空安全有影响这一观察结果，并进一步解释了为何会如此。所确定的大多数文化问题似乎与组织的管理风格有关，而非飞机本身的运行。
