Yuliawati Inne, Sampurna Budi, Wiguna Tjhin, Subekti Imam, Kekalih Aria, Mustopo Widura Imam, Diatri Hervita, Mulyawan Wawan
DGCA, Ministry of Transportation, Indonesia, Directorate General of Civil Aviation, Jakarta Pusat, Indonesia, Indonesia.
Medical Science, Doctoral study program, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta Pusat, Jakarta, Indonesia.
F1000Res. 2025 Jun 12;14:458. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.163883.2. eCollection 2025.
Pilot errors and preconditions are major concerns that affected by multiple factors physiologically, psychologically and psychosocially. This study aimed to analyse the correlation between the internal and external risk factors, and pilot preconditions in Indonesia.
A cross-sectional study design with purposive sampling, directed to male pilots who had flight duty in the past seven days, underwent medical examination at the Aviation Medical Center, Jakarta, August 12-16, 2024. The data were collected through a self-report questionnaire, Trail Making Test A and B, laboratory tests (plasma lipid, fasting blood glucose), and physical measurements (height, weight, waist circumference, and blood pressure). The independent variables divided into internal factors (Age, Burnout, Metabolic Syndrome parameters); and external factors (Flight Time, Duty Time, Unscheduled Flight Duty, Number of Sectors, Sleep Duration). The dependent variables were pilot preconditions based on the Human Factor Analysis and Classification System (HFACS).
A total of 122 participants participated and 28.7% had an Unscheduled Flight Duty in the last 30 days. Significant correlations were found between Adverse Mental State and HDL-Cholesterol (95%CI=1.52-5.80), Adverse Physiological State and Burnout [Personal (95%CI=0.005-0,04), Work-Related (95%CI=0.009-0.042)], Physical Mental Limitation and Fasting Blood Glucose (95%CI=(-0.479)-(-0.071)), Number of Sectors (95%CI=0.022-3.001). For Personal Readiness (PR), significant correlation was found between PR-Psychological Demand and Flight-Time One Year (95%CI=(0.000-0.001), Sleep Duration (95%CI=(-0.137)-(-0.013)), Waist Circumference (95%CI=(-0.014)-(-0.002)), PR-Social Support and Sleep Duration (95%IK=0.018-0.207), Client-Related Burnout (95%IK=(-0.011)-(-0.002)).
The internal factors that correlated with pilot preconditions in Indonesia were Waist Circumference, HDL-Cholesterol, Fasting Blood Glucose, Personal Burnout, Work, and Client-related burnout. External factors that correlated with pilot preconditions were the Number of Sectors, Flight-Time One Year and Sleep duration. These findings emphasize the need to address physical and mental health aspects of pilots to enhance aviation safety.
飞行员失误和前置条件是受生理、心理和社会心理等多种因素影响的主要问题。本研究旨在分析印度尼西亚内部和外部风险因素与飞行员前置条件之间的相关性。
采用目的抽样的横断面研究设计，针对在过去七天内有飞行任务的男性飞行员，于2024年8月12日至16日在雅加达航空医疗中心接受医学检查。通过自我报告问卷、连线测验A和B、实验室检查（血脂、空腹血糖）以及身体测量（身高、体重、腰围和血压）收集数据。自变量分为内部因素（年龄、职业倦怠、代谢综合征参数）和外部因素（飞行时间、执勤时间、不定期飞行任务、航段数量、睡眠时间）。因变量是基于人为因素分析与分类系统（HFACS）的飞行员前置条件。
共有122名参与者，其中28.7%在过去30天内有不定期飞行任务。发现不良心理状态与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇之间存在显著相关性（95%CI = 1.52 - 5.80），不良生理状态与职业倦怠之间存在显著相关性[个人方面（95%CI = 0.005 - 0.04），工作相关方面（95%CI = 0.009 - 0.042）]，身心限制与空腹血糖之间存在显著相关性（95%CI = (-0.479) - (-0.071)），航段数量之间存在显著相关性（95%CI = 0.022 - 3.001）。对于个人准备情况（PR），发现PR - 心理需求与一年飞行时间之间存在显著相关性（95%CI = (0.000 - 0.001)），睡眠时间之间存在显著相关性（95%CI = (-0.137) - (-0.013)），腰围之间存在显著相关性（95%CI = (-0.014) - (-0.002)），PR - 社会支持与睡眠时间之间存在显著相关性（95%IK = 0.018 - 0.207），客户相关职业倦怠之间存在显著相关性（95%IK = (-0.011) - (-0.002)）。
在印度尼西亚，与飞行员前置条件相关的内部因素是腰围、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、空腹血糖、个人职业倦怠、工作相关职业倦怠和客户相关职业倦怠。与飞行员前置条件相关的外部因素是航段数量、一年飞行时间和睡眠时间。这些发现强调了关注飞行员身心健康方面以提高航空安全的必要性。
