Larsson Karl-Henrik, Parmasto Erast, Fischer Michael, Langer Ewald, Nakasone Karen K, Redhead Scott A
Department of Plant and Molecular Sciences, Göteborg University, Sweden.
Mycologia. 2006 Nov-Dec;98(6):926-36. doi: 10.3852/mycologia.98.6.926.
The hymenochaetoid clade is dominated by wood-decaying species previously classified in the artificial families Corticiaceae, Polyporaceae and Stereaceae. The majority of these species cause a white rot. The polypore Bridgeoporus and several corticicoid species with inconspicuous basidiomata live in association with brown-rotted wood, but their nutritional strategy is not known. Mycorrhizal habit is reported for Coltricia perennis but needs confirmttion. A surprising element in the hymenochaetoid clade is a group of small white to brightly pigmented agarics earlier classified in Omphalina. They form a subclade together with some similarly colored stipitate stereoid and corticioid species. Several are associated with living mosses or one-celled green algae. Hyphoderma pratermissum and some related corticioid species have specialized organs for trapping and killing nematodes as a source of nitrogen. There are no unequivocal morphological synapomorphies known for the hymenochaetoid clade. However almost all species examined ultrastructurally have dolipore septa with continuous parenthesomes while perforate parenthesomes is the normal condition for other homobasidiomycete clades. The agaricoid Hymenochaetales have not been examined. Within Hymenochaetales the Hymenochaetaceae forms a distinct clade but unfortunately all morphological characters supporting Hymenochaetaceae also are found in species outside the clade. Other subclades recovered by the molecular phylogenetic analyses are less uniform, and the overall resolution within the nuclear LSU tree presented here is still unsatisfactory.
层孔菌状分支主要由先前归类于人为划分的伏革菌科、多孔菌科和韧革菌科的木材腐朽物种组成。这些物种大多引起白色腐朽。多孔菌Bridgeoporus和几种担子果不显著的革菌类物种与褐腐木材共生，但它们的营养策略尚不清楚。据报道多年生疣皮多孔菌有菌根习性，但需要证实。层孔菌状分支中一个令人惊讶的类群是一组小型白色至颜色鲜艳的伞菌，它们先前被归类于小火焰菌属。它们与一些颜色相似的具柄的韧革菌类和革菌类物种共同形成一个亚分支。其中一些与活苔藓或单细胞绿藻有关联。异常皮盘菌和一些相关的革菌类物种具有用于捕获和杀死线虫作为氮源的特化器官。对于层孔菌状分支，目前还没有明确的形态学共衍征。然而，几乎所有经过超微结构检查的物种都具有具连续桶孔覆垫的桶孔隔膜，而穿孔的桶孔覆垫是其他同担子菌纲分支的正常状态。尚未对伞菌状层孔菌目进行检查。在层孔菌目中，层孔菌科形成一个独特的分支，但不幸的是，支持层孔菌科的所有形态特征在该分支之外的物种中也能找到。通过分子系统发育分析得到的其他亚分支不太一致，并且此处呈现的核大亚基树的整体分辨率仍然不令人满意。
