Moncalvo Jean-Marc, Nilsson R Henrik, Koster Brenda, Dunham Susie M, Bernauer Torsten, Matheny P Brandon, Porter Teresita M, Margaritescu Simona, Weiss Michael, Garnica Sigisfredo, Danell Eric, Langer Gitta, Langer Ewald, Larsson Ellen, Larsson Karl-Henrik, Vilgalys Rytas
Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, University of Toronto, Canada.
Mycologia. 2006 Nov-Dec;98(6):937-48. doi: 10.3852/mycologia.98.6.937.
We reassessed the circumscription of the cantharelloid clade and identified monophyletic groups by using nLSU, nSSU, mtSSU and RPB2 sequence data. Results agreed with earlier studies that placed the genera Cantharellus, Craterellus, Hydnum, Clavulina, Membranomyces, Multiclavula, Sistotrema, Botryobasidium and the family Ceratobasidiaceae in that clade. Phylogenetic analyses support monophyly of all genera except Sistotrema, which was highly polyphyletic. Strongly supported monophyletic groups were: (i) Cantharellus-Craterellus, Hydnum, and the Sistotrema confluens group; (ii) Clavulina-Membranomyces and the S. brinkmannii-oblongisporum group, with Multiclavula being possibly sister of that clade; (iii) the Sistotrema eximum-octosporum group; (iv) Sistotrema adnatum and S. coronilla. Positions of Sistotrema raduloides and S. athelioides were unresolved, as were basal relationships. Botryobasidium was well supported as the sister taxon of all the above taxa, while Ceratobasidiaceae was the most basal lineage. The relationship between Tulasnella and members of the cantharelloid clade will require further scrutiny, although there is cumulative evidence that they are probably sister groups. The rates of molecular evolution of both the large and small nuclear ribosomal RNA genes (nuc-rDNA) are much higher in Cantharellus, Craterellus and Tulasnella than in the other cantharelloid taxa, and analyses of nuc-rDNA sequences strongly placed Tulasnella close to Cantharellus-Craterellus. In contrast analyses with RPB2 and mtSSU sequences placed Tulasnella at the base of the cantharelloid clade. Our attempt to reconstruct a "supertree" from tree topologies resulting from separate analyses that avoided phylogenetic reconstruction problems associated with missing data and/or unalignable sequences proved unsuccessful.
我们通过使用nLSU、nSSU、mtSSU和RPB2序列数据重新评估了鸡油菌类分支的范围，并确定了单系类群。结果与早期研究一致，这些研究将鸡油菌属、喇叭菌属、齿菌属、枝瑚菌属、膜菌属、多枝瑚菌属、层腹菌属、葡萄穗霉属和角担菌科置于该分支中。系统发育分析支持除层腹菌属外所有属的单系性，层腹菌属具有高度多系性。得到强烈支持的单系类群有：(i) 鸡油菌属 - 喇叭菌属、齿菌属以及融合层腹菌组；(ii) 枝瑚菌属 - 膜菌属以及布氏层腹菌 - 长孢层腹菌组，多枝瑚菌属可能是该分支的姐妹类群；(iii) 极小层腹菌 - 八孢层腹菌组；(iv) 贴生层腹菌和冠状层腹菌。辐射状层腹菌和暗褐层腹菌的位置未得到解决，基部关系也未明确。葡萄穗霉属得到有力支持，是上述所有分类单元的姐妹分类群，而角担菌科是最基部的谱系。尽管有越来越多的证据表明土盘菌属与鸡油菌类分支的成员可能是姐妹类群，但土盘菌属与鸡油菌类分支成员之间的关系仍需进一步研究。鸡油菌属、喇叭菌属和土盘菌属的大、小核核糖体RNA基因（nuc - rDNA）的分子进化速率比其他鸡油菌类分类单元高得多，对nuc - rDNA序列的分析有力地表明土盘菌属与鸡油菌属 - 喇叭菌属关系密切。相比之下，用RPB2和mtSSU序列进行的分析将土盘菌属置于鸡油菌类分支的基部。我们试图从单独分析产生的树形拓扑结构重建一棵“超级树”，以避免与缺失数据和/或不可比对序列相关的系统发育重建问题，但未成功。
